Unit 1 Vocabulary APHG

Corresponds to the direction on a compass: north, south, east, west, and combinations such as northeast and southwest

The distance that can be measured with a standard unit length, such as a mile or kilometer.

A precise position on Earth's surface

A map that distorts the geographic shape of an area in order to show the size of a specific variable; the larger the area on a cartogram, the larger the value of the underlying variable

a person who makes maps

An official count or survey of a population

A thematic map that shows data aggregated for a specific geographic area, often using different colors to represent different values

The wavelike spread of ideas in the manner of a contagious disease or forest fire, moving throughout space without regard for hierarchy

The study of the interactions between societies and their local environments

the built forms that cultural groups create inhabiting Earth

The shared practices, technologies, attitudes and behaviors that society transmit from one generation to the next

The process of collecting and organizing large amounts of information

the pattern by which a phenomenon such as the movement of people, or their ideas, technologies, or preferences, spreads from a particular location through space and time

A map that uses dots to represent objects or counts; the dot can represent one object (a one-to-one dot density map) or it can represent a number of objects (a one-to-many dot density map)

The belief that the physical environment is the dominant force shaping cultures and that humanity is a passive product of its physical surroundings

Occurs when ideas or practices spread throughout a population, from area to area, in a snowballing process, so that the total number of knowers or users and the areas of occurrence increase

A geographical area inhabited by people who have one or more traits in common

the inhibiting effect of distance on the intensity and volume of most forms of human interaction

A geographic area that has been organized to function politically, socially, culturally, or economically as one unit

A software application for capturing, storing checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface

A system of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice daily and transmit radio signals Earthward

geographers identify broad patterns encompassing the entire world

the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

A map projection that avoids shape distortion and the restrictions of a rectangular map by creating "interruptions" in the map's continuity; in each section, map projection regions are shown "equally," like an orange peel being laid out in a flat surface

Occurs when ideas leapfrog from one important person, community, or city to another, bypassing other persons, communities, or rural areas

On a map, a line that connects or links different places that share a common or equal value, such as elevation

Geographic scale that identifies and analyzes geographic phenomena within a state or province, a city or town, or neighborhood

A 2D representation of a geographic area or place

a method for representing part of the surface of the earth or a celestial sphere on a plane surface.

The distance on a map in relation to distance in actual space; for example, 1 inch on a map might indicate a distance of 100 miles

A map projection that is useful for navigation because the lines connecting points on the map represent the true compass direction; however, landmasses become increasingly distorted the farther away they are from the equator

Geographic scale that identifies and analyzes geographic phenomena within a specific country

A geographic area that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based on the widespread acceptance and use of a unique regional name

A map projection that shows all landmasses with their true areas but distorts their shapes

how we modify space based on who we are as a group of people

The belief that any physical environment offers a number of possible ways for a society to develop and that humans can find ways to overcome environmental challenges

A map that uses symbols (such as circles or dots) of different sizes to represent numerical values

A map that shows geographic locations on Earth's surface, such as the locations of cities or oceans

a geographical unit based on one or more common characteristics or functions

Geographic scale that identifies and analyzes geographic phenomena within a particular region

A direction that can be described as position, such as in front of or behind, to the left or to the right

a measure of the level of social, cultural, or economic similarity between places despite their absolute distance from each other

the location of one place (or person) in relation to the position of another place (or person)

Occurs when individuals or groups with a particular idea or practice migrate from one location to another, thereby bringing the idea or practice to their new homeland

the scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it.

Occurs when ideas leapfrog from a lower level of a hierarchy to a higher level

A map projection that attempts to create the most visually appealing representation of Earth by keeping all types of distortion relatively low over most of the map

The territorial extent of an idea or object

How a person feels about a particular place and why it is important to them

The placement or arrangement of objects on Earth's surface; also includes the space between those objects

Occurs when a specific trait is rejected, but the underlying idea is accepted

the group of practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs

A map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographic statistics or attributes, and sometimes the relationships between them

Also known as the "first law of geography"; the idea that near things are more related than distant things, and interaction between two places decreases the farther apart they are

The decreasing distance between places, as measured by travel time or cost; often summarized by the phrase "the world is shrinking"