AP European History Absolutism

Fredrick William I

King of Prussia from 1713-1740. Known as the 'Soldier King'. Created a reservist system to maintain army and the economy at the same time. Had a standing army

Junkers

Prussian nobles

Peace of Westphalia

1648, ended the 30 years war. Made France dominant over Spain

Prussia

A major Northern German State within the Holy Roman Empire. Because it was a military state, it will become the most powerful German state.

Hohenzollerns

This was the royal dynasty of electors in Prussia-Brandenburg

Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII's chief governmental minister. He established 32 districts each of which was run by an intendant. Dislike towards protestants was more political than religious.

Indendant

Government officials who work for the crown in France

Absolutism

a form of government in which all power is vested in a single ruler or other authority.

Nobles of the Robe

the wealthy middle class who purchased titles; created by Richelieu & Louis XIV to help run the country.

Nobles of the Sword

hereditary members from the middle ages and must be weakened if a king of France is to exercise real authority.

Louis XIV

King of France (Bourbon) who serves as the best representation of an absolute monarch; called the Sun King; created Versailles as a home to his nobility;

The fronde

a french rebellion that was caused by Mazarin's attempt to increase royal revenue and expand state bureaucracy

Edict of Fontainebleau

Repeals the Edict of Nantes. Bans Huguenots. Part of Louis XIV's return to "One King, One Faith, One Law"

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Chief Minister of Finance under Louis XIV. Supported mercantilist policies, built roads and canals, and credited for many of Louis' economic successes and failures (example of centralizing economy)

Mercantilism

the measure of a country's wealth is how much gold or silver it accumulates through trade

War of Spanish Succession

Last of Louis XIV's ruinous wars that bankrupts France and ends it's domination of Europe. 1701 - 1714

Treaty of Utrecht

Ends the War of Spanish Succession. Creates 2 Bourbon houses (one in France and a new one in Spain); Great Britain begins Naval supremacy

Peter the Great

Romanov dynasty ruler. Tsar of Russia; Example of Absolutism. wants to westernize his country. Gains control of Orthodox Church, makes Russia into great state/military power; creates the table of ranks.

Romanovs

Ruling family of Russia

Westernization

An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Wester European countries.

Boyars

Russian nobles

Table of Ranks

Peter the Great instituted it to create opportunities for non-nobles to serve the state and join the nobility. System based on govt. service rather than background

Patriarchs

Religious leader of the Orthodox Church. Peter will abolish this position and transform the Russian Orthodox Church into an office of Government

St. Petersburg

Peter's new capital for Russia. It is 500 miles west of Moscow and on the Baltic Sea. Part of Peter's goal of westernization of Russia. "Window to the West"

Great Northern War

The war between the Russian and Sweden under Peter the Great. Russia wins and the results are, Russia: the Baltic is clear and Russia is now on track to become a Great Power. Sweden: This ends its period of greatness and will begin the decline.

constitutionalism

System of government in which limitations on the rulers are placed into the structure of government. These limitations can be written down or be traditional

Stuart Monarchy

Family of Monarchs in England after the Tudors. James VI of Scotland becomes the first Monarch (James I) in 1603 after his cousin Elizabeth I dies.

James I

King of England (first Stuart monarch);

was James VI of Scotland, didn't understand Parliament and refused Puritan demands to eliminate Episcopal system of church organization in the Church of England; ruled by divine right.

English Civil War

(1642-1651) War between the Supporters of Charles I and monarchy on one side (Cavaliers) and the supporters of Cromwell and the parliament on the other (Roundheads).

Charles I

King of England during the Civil War and eventually executed. He avoids calling Parliament for 11 years, Parliament has little power.

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the Roundheads. Captured Charles I and executed him. Puritan and establishes protectorate and instrument of government, which made him lord protectorate. Absolutist and military dictator

Cavaliers

a supporter of King Charles I in the English Civil War.

Roundheads

supporters of Parliament and Puritans

New Model Army

Professional, dedicated, religious, and very effective Army Created by Oliver Cromwell

Commonwealth

Government created after the Civil War in which the Monarchy, the House of Lords, and The Anglican Church are abolished.

It is a REPUBLICAN government. (A Republic is any government without a king)

It is created by the Rump Parliament and ruled by Cromwell

Lord Protector

Oliver Cromwell's title that he took when becoming DICTATOR of England

1649

Execution of Charles

The Restoration

The Period after the Commonwealth when The Stuarts (Charles II); the House of Lords; and the Anglican Church were restored to power.

James II

King of England. Charles II's very Catholic brother who is overthrown by the nobles in the Glorious Revolution. Violates the Test Act and Catholics take over

Glorious Revolution

The "bloodless" revolution and overthrow of James II by nobles determined to assert the Rights of Parliament. Culminates in the joint-reign of William of Orange and Mary, daughter of James II; the passage of the Bill of Rights! England will now be a Constitutional Monarchy.

English Bill of Rights

1689 Document outlining British Rights that were accepted by William and Mary in 1689's Glorious Revolution. Important step in the creation of British Government. Anti-Catholic and freedom of worship for Puritans

Pragmatic Sanction

This was the act passed by Charles VI that stated that Hapsburg possessions were never to be divided, in order to allow his daughter to be ruler

Seven Years' War (1756-1763)

global conflict between the European great powers; the French and Indian War was part of this larger conflict.

The Dutch Republic

-first half of 17th century its was golden age

-oligarchy with representative provinces

-religious toleration