Genetic Engineering: A Key Concept in Biology

a field of biotechnology that involves manipulating an organism's genetic material to alter its characteristics.

Development of genetically modified crops with improved yield, pest resistance, and environmental tolerance.

Production of therapeutic proteins, gene therapies, and potential treatments for genetic disorders.

Production of valuable substances like insulin, growth hormones, and enzymes through genetically modified organisms.

Development of organisms that can degrade pollutants or enhance biodiversity.

In the field of biotechnology, scientists have made significant advancements in altering an organism's _________

Tools that allow scientists to manipulate an organism's genetic material, known as its genotype.

a hormone used to regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes.

One prominent application of changing an organism’s genotype

Addressing ethical and safety concerns for responsible and beneficial applications.

Process of inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria to produce insulin.

this is a segment of DNA encoding the instructions for insulin production, precisely inserted into the bacterial genome

This integration of insulin production is achieved using advanced molecular biology techniques, such as what?

Carefully cultivated under controlled conditions. This ensures optimal growth and maximum insulin production.

involves precise filtration steps, chromatography techniques, and protein separation methods

can be used as vectors to deliver genes of interest into cells.

Using viruses or microinjection/gene guns to deliver genes into cells for genetic manipulation.

Involves directly injecting DNA into the nucleus of cells using a fine needle, while gene guns use high pressure to shoot DNA-coated particles into the cells.

Meaning of CRISPR

Revolutionary gene-editing tool using Cas9 nuclease enzyme guided by gRNA to cut DNA for precise modifications.

CRISPR allows for precise editing of DNA sequences by using the _____

Cas9 is guided to the target gene by a small RNA molecule called

is utilized in various organisms, including plants, animals, and humans.

Manipulating DNA to remove or insert specific genes with high precision.

Human Genetic Engineering, Environmental Impact, Informed Consent, Safety, and Social Justice.

Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics.

Assessing the overall benefits and harms of genetic engineering to determine if the benefits outweigh the potential risks and ethical concerns.

Evaluating genetic engineering practices based on moral duties and principles, such as respect for autonomy, justice, and non-maleficence.

Examining the character traits and virtues that genetic engineering promotes or undermines, such as compassion, fairness, and responsibility.

The process of addressing ethical and safety concerns for responsible and beneficial applications.

Meaning of E. coli

Susceptible bacterial host of insulin production

Not sustainable and cost-effective compared to insulin production in bacteria

Using viruses or microinjection/gene guns to deliver genes into cells for genetic manipulation.

aims to improve the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding and controlled reproduction.

meaning of GMOs

are living organisms whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology techniques. They are commonly used in agriculture to enhance crop yield, improve resistance to pests or diseases, and increase nutritional value.

In plants, CRISPR can be used to ____________, enhance disease resistance, or modify nutritional content.

In _____, CRISPR can aid in creating disease models, studying gene functions, or developing genetically modified organisms.

In humans, it holds promise for treating genetic disorders, developing personalized medicine, and potentially curing diseases.