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What is the structure of a molecule? (description)
multiple bindings, aromatic circle
What reduces biodegrability in a molecule structure?
Halogenation
What is the binding and polarity of C-H?
Covalent non-polar
What is the binding and polarity of C-O-N?
Covalent polar
How does the covalent polar bond affect solubility in water?
The solubility increases
Solid to gas process?
Sublimation
Gas to solid process?
Deposition
At what ATM is the triple point of water?
0.006ATM
Vapour pressure definition?
The pressure of the vapour above a liquid surface
What is the equilibrium vapour pressure an indication of?
evaporation rate
What is the critical point?
When the vapour density is equal to liquid density
What is it called when the relative humidity is 100%?
Dew point
What happens when the vapour pressure exceeds the thermodynamic equilibrium?
Condensation
What is solubility dependent on?
Pressure, temperature, polarity of solvent and solute
What are the 3 options when mixing liquids?
They mix, 2) They mix to a certain concentration, 3) Substances do not mix
What is an example of mixed liquids?
Ethanol + water
What is an example of mixed liquids to a limited concentration?
diethyl ether
What is an example of non-mixed liquids?
Toluene + water
What is LNAPL?
Light non-aqueous phase liquid?
How does LNAPL act in contact with water?
Floats on water
What is DNAPL?
Dense non-aqueous phase liquid
How does DNAPL act in contact with water?
Stays at bottom
In what environment do acid gases better dissolve?
alkaline environments
What bonds do gases usually form?
Unstable covalent
What is the partition coefficient?
Ratio of equilibrium concentrations od a dissolved substance in a two-phase system
What is logKow
chemical’s conc in n-octanol/conc in water
What is logKoc
conc in soil/conc in water
How do substances with high logKow sorb into organic matter?
faster, high polarity, lipophilic
How do substances with high logKoc sorb into soil?
Heavy sorption
Define adsorption
Accumulation of molecules on surface
Define absorption
penetration of molecules
Define desorption
movement of molecules back from solid to original
What happens when the concentration of LogKoc is low?
very mobile, release easily into other components
Note
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