Studied by 4 peopleSpectrums
________ are unique to each element, and could be used to identify elements.
Neutrons
________ are also located in the nucleus.
Octet Rule
________: States that the atoms would tend to lose /gain /share electrons in order to acquire a full set of valence electrons, which is 8 electrons.
Ernest Rutherford
________: Gold foil experiment involved during the firing of radioactive particles through thin gold foils and observed them.
Billiard Ball Model
________: John Dalton viewed the atom as a small solid sphere.
Composition
________ is in a fixed ratio: meaning the ratio cant be varied and the compound still being the same thing.
Electrons
________ have negative charge.
electron
When the ________ falls back down to the ground, it releases energy and gives off light energy or a spectrum.
Greek philosopher
________ proposed that all matter was composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms (which is Greek for uncuttable)
Plumb Pudding Model
________: J.J. Thompson proposed that the atom was a sphere of positive electricity with negative particles imbedded throughout after discovering the electron (1897)
materials properties
Any of a(n) ________ that becomes evident during a chemical reaction.
Examples
Any element on the periodic table
A substance that are made up of 2+ different elements, and can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances
always in the same ratio by mass
Example
Water (H2O) is always 2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen molecule
Example
Air
Example
Chocolate Chip Cookies
[EXTRA note
Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element… meaning theyll have different chemical and physical properties]
Example
water and sand (filtering)
composition is in a fixed ratio
meaning the ratio cant be varied and the compound still being the same thing
Example
water and sand
Example
water and alcohol
Example
separation of plant pigments
Examples
Boiling point, Taste, Odor, Dissolves in water, Luster, Density, Hardness, etc
Examples
Flammability, Ability to Rust
Democritus
a fifth century B.C
Billiard Ball Model
John Dalton viewed the atom as a small solid sphere
Plumb Pudding Model
J.J. Thompson proposed that the atom was a sphere of positive electricity with negative particles imbedded throughout after discovering the electron (1897)
It looks like a plum pudding
)
Electron Cloud Model
An atom consists of a dense nucleus composed of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons that exist in different clouds at the various energy levels
Ernest Rutherford
Gold foil experiment involved during the firing of radioactive particles through thin gold foils and observed them
They determine the identity of each element
Also represents the atomic number
Atomic Number
Numbers of Protons
Atomic Mass
Numbers of Protons + Neutrons
Valence Electrons
The amount of electrons an element has on their most outermost shell
Octet Rule
States that the atoms would tend to lose/gain/share electrons in order to acquire a full set of valence electrons, which is 8 electrons
Ground State
Electrons are in their lowest energy levels, or their normal energy levels
Excited State
When heat, electricity, or light would move the electron up to different energy levels
Note
Flashcard