AP human geography unit 1

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human geography

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50 Terms

1

human geography

The study of where and why human activities are located where they are

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2

physical geography

the branch of geography dealing with natural features and processes

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3

cultural landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

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4

cartographic scale

the way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents

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5

thematic map

A map that shows a particular theme/a map that shows specialized information

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6

map projection

a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface

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7

choropleth map

A map that uses differences in shading or coloring to indicate statistical ranges.

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8

graduated symbol map

A map with symbols that change in size according to the value of the attribute they represent.

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9

dot distribution map

each dot represents an identical unit and conveys data by amount present

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10

cartogram map

A map in which the shape or size is distorted in order to demonstrate a variable such as travel, population or economic production

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11

isoline map

Map displaying lines that connect points of equal value; for example, a map showing elevation levels

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12

Gall-Peters Projection

equal area projection that distorts the shape of land masses (looks stretched out)

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13

Mercator map projection

accurately shows shape and direction, but distorts distance and size of land masses; used for navigation across and ocean

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14

region

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.

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15

absolute location

Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates

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16

place

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.

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17

Relative Location

The position of a place in relation to another place

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18

site

The physical character of a place

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19

situation

the location of a place related to it contextual surroundings

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20

toponyms

name given to a portion of Earth's surface

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21

time-space compression

the rapid innovation of communication and transportation technologies associated with globalization that transforms the way people think about space and time; a sense that the world is shrinking

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22

friction of distance

A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places.

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23

distance-decay

contact diminishing with increasing distance and eventually disappear.

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24

human-environment interaction

The geographic theme that explores how people use, adapt to, and modify the environment

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25

environmental determinism

the idea that human behavior is controlled by the physical environment

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26

environmental possibilism

the belief that a physical environment plays a role in the development of a society, but is NOT the ONLY factor at work. Human innovation often times can overcome nature's limits

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27

formal region

a group of places that have one or more unifying attributes with well defined borders, for example, a political region

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28

functional (or nodal) region

An area organized around a node or focal point. Consists of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it

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29

perceptual (or vernacular) region

Region whose boundaries are determined by people's beliefs, not a scientifically measurable process.

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30

geographic scale

amount of territory that a map represents IE global scale is whole earth, local scale is small region

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31

scale

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.

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32

scale of analysis

a scale that determines what is being studied based on the size of the area being examined

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33

Census

the government's official count of a population every 10 years

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34

Sustainability

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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35

remote sensing

the scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it.

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36

GPS (global positioning system)

a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth

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37

spatial pattern

pattern that arranges points by location

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38

Natural Resources (Land)

Any material provided by nature that can be used to produce goods and services

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39

land use

Various ways humans use the land such as agricultural, industrial, residential, or recreational

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40

political map

A map that shows man-made features such as boundaries, countries, and cities.

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41

Physcial map

Helps you see the landforms and bodies of water in specific areas.

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42

clustered

Gathered closely together in a group

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43

dispersed

distributed or spread over a considerable extent

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44

GIS (geographic information system)

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

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45

space

The physical gap or interval between two objects

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46

topographic map

a map that shows the surface features of Earth, specifically elevation

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47

Quantitative Data

Data that is in numbers

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48

qualititative data

data with general observations

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49

Globalization

the interconnected nature of the world socially, politically, and economically.

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50

false conclusion

Inaccurate generalizations that are not supported by the data or logical reasoning.

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