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Absolutism
a political system in which a ruler holds total power
Divine right of kings
the belief that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
Mercantilism
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
Justification
the process of being justified or deemed worthy of salvation, by God
Predestination
the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobated)
Protestant Reformation
Recognize the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation.
Who started the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther a German monk
why did the Protestant Reformation begin
there was corruption in the catholic church like selling indulgences, the church was not paying taxes. the church office used the money to advance their wealth, the priests lived lavish lifestyles
people wanted a guaranteed path of salvation
why did the Protestant Reformation spread across Europe
people were hooked on Luther's doctrines and the printing press was invented so it wide spread his doctrines. Like printing the Bible so more people can read it.
What new religions were formed
Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism each have their own beliefs and practices
what new beliefs were created
Introduced the beliefs as salvation by faith alone, the authority of Scripture over tradition
that humans were helpless before God, predestination (Calvinism), Adult baptism, and that the church and state are supposed to separated (Anabaptist)
people are saved by faith not by works (lutheranism),
how did the Catholic Church respond?
The Catholic Church initiated the Counter-Reformation a series of reforms, reclaiming lost territories and issues raised by the reformers. Included Council of Trent the founding of new religious orders like the Jesuits, and efforts to combat heresy.
Jesuits
swore oath to the pope of vow. They helped to spread and restore Catholicism
Papacy
Pope Paul III called for council of trent created reform commission to determine the churches ills
Council of Trent
theologians met on and off for 18 years to make final decrees for the Catholic church.
European Expansion, What were Europe's motives for exploration?
Gold, Glory, God
Marco Polo wrote a book called The Travels
The Europeans also liked buying spices from other countries and wanted to know more about them
New technology and geographical knowledge and wind patterns
What was the importance of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Signed in 1494 by Spain and Portugal the Pope mediated it.
-The newly divided lands were divided along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde
-Islands off the west coast of Africa
-Importance: This treaty helped to prevent conflict between Spain and Portugal over their respective claims to newly discovered territories
What was Spain's influence in colonial Latin America?
The explorer Christopher Columbus voyages to the Americas in 1492
The Latin Americans diseased the natives until they had to bring over individuals from Africa
The Spanish Spread their religion and Language
Europe in Crisis, How did religion impact and divide Europe in the 1500 - 1600s?
France and Spain were Catholic, so they were allies
English were protestant so they were enemies with France & Spain this caused a divided in Europe
James I believed in the divine right of kings, belief that kings get power from God
The Puritans wished to remove any remaining resemblances of Catholicism
What was the Glorious Revolution?
It was known as the Bloodless revolution
Started when seven members of Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism. Mary his wife would have to rebel against her own father
. When William led his army to London in 1688, James fled to France. This
bloodless overthrow of King James II is called the Glorious Revolution.
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