APUSH Period 6 Spaced Repetition

1. Economic opportunities: Mining, farming, cattle industry

2. Removing native people, giving land and subsidies for railroad expansion

• Government + Conservationists vs corporate companies that want to profit off of control of public natural resources

• Department of Interior 1849 - responsible for management and conservation of federal land and resources

• US Fish Commission 1871 - created to preserve fisheries of US

• Sierra Club - John Muir fights for conservation and preservation of natural resources

The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came through as a religious movement

US army go into the Dakotas and killed over 200 native people

Intended to end tribal ownership of land

intended to assimilate natives

• Large scale production

• Technological changes

• Improved communication networks

• Businesses seeking to maximize exploitation of a growing labor force and natural resources

Controlling all competition in a particular industry; combining all competitors to monopolize a market

Control all aspects of manufacturing (from extracting raw materials to selling the finished product)

• Carnegie (steel) and Rockefeller (oil)

• To reduce competition businesses sought to form monopolies, trusts, and pools

• Defends by Social Darwinism

• Attempt at industrializing

• Increase in textiles

• Tenant farming and sharecropping is still predominant - affected blacks and poor whites

• New economic opportunities for immigrants and workers

• New career opportunities developed for black and women

While industrialization brought new economic opportunities, low wages and dangerous working conditions still persist

• Terrence Powderly opened up the Union to all workers, any race any gender any skill

• Declined after Haymarket Riot 1886 (At a protest of 8 hour workdays, an unknown person threw a dynamite bomb that killed one policeman and six others. Police fired back at the crowd and killed four people)

• Under leadership of Samuel Gompers, focused on skilled workers

• Focused on wages, conditions, hours

• Formed local and national unions that confronted corporate power

• Began national labor movement, rise of union leadership

• Homestead Strike 1892 - Workers at Carnegie’s steel plant defeated

• Pullman Strike 1894 - President Cleveland uses army and court injunction to defeat the strike, Eugene Debs in jail

• Divisions between skilled and unskilled, racial and ethnic groups

• Hostility from corporates, no help from government (laissez faire policy)

• Prices fall

• Unfair business practices of railroad

• Debt

• No access to money

• High tariff policies

Organized social and educational activities

• Lobbied state legislatures for reforms

• Founded in Texas

• Excluded Blacks (Colored Farmers Alliance), ignored tenant farmers

• Stronger role of government

• Government own railroads

• Unlimited silver

• Income tax

• People have direct election of senators

• Use of initiative and referendums

ruled that states could regulate railroads; overruled by Wabash Case 1886 (states cannot regulate interstate commerce)

Outlawed trusts and monopolies that fixed price and restricted trade; used against labor unions

African Americas moving to northern cities

Southern and Eastern Europe settled in urban areas

Because there was a large scale immigration from China, it provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States

anti Catholic group made by Protestants, wanted to restrict immigration of Catholics

Proposed to keep southern and eastern immigrants out

Belief that the wealthy were obligated to help out the poor

• Andrew Carnegie talks about this

Sought to relieve urban property, provide assistance to immigrants

Christians had a responsibility to deal and alleviate urban poverty

Sought to secure the right to vote for women