Introduction
Methodology
Results
Discussion
IMRAD stands for:
Introduction
where the research gaps, problems, questions, and RRLS are found
Methodology
where the research design, locale, materials, equipment, schematic diagram or flow chart is located
Quantitative Research
data - numbers
instrument - questionnaire & observation
Qualitative Research
data - words
instrument - in depth interview
Results
involves the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data
Discussion
shows the significance (summary), conclusions, and recommendations
Variables
the basic elements which are measured in a study
observable, measurable
variables must be ____ and ____
Independent Variable
the “assumed cause” for any change or variation in a situation
Dependent Variable
the “assumed effect” of another variable; the change that occurs in the study when factors are changed or an intervention is introduced (the output)
IV: Pineapple Peels
DV: Bioplastics
Identify the IV and DV:
The Making of Efficient and Effective Bioplastics out of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Peels
IV: Lemon and Avocado Peelings
DV: Superabsorbent Polymers
Identify the IV and DV:
The Use of Lemon (Citrus Limon) and Avocado (Persea Americana) Peelings as Superabsorbent Polymers
information, contents
the title should give readers the ______ about the ______ of the research
[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE]
phrase
the title should be in _____ form rather in complete sentence
[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE]
15
the title should not be longer than ___ substantive words
[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE]
independent variable, dependent variable
the title should show the ______ and ______ of the investigatory project
[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE]
included, italicized, parenthesized
scientific names of plants should be _____ in the title, _____ and _____
[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE]
not
the title should ___ include “the study of…” “the analysis of…” “the observation on…”
[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE]
acronym
the title should not contain any abbreviation or _____
[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE]
inverted pyramid
the title should be written in ________ form on the title page if it contains more than one line
[GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLE]
innovative, original
the title is _____ and _____, which means there is no similar work of such on the internet
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
manageable
the topic is ______ and can be done by grade 11-12 students
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
easy
the topic must not be too ____ to make that can be done by the lower levels
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
available
the materials, tools, and equipment are _____ in Qatar
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
bought, scrap
the materials, tools, and equipment will not be _____; they are mostly from ____ materials
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
independent, feasible
the ______ variable is ______ to use as a component in making the dependent variable (justified by references)
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
timely, relevant
the topic is ____ and ____ to the society
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
tested, applied
the research process won’t be _____ or _____ on humans and animals
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
harm
the research process does not ____ the environment
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
ethical principles
the research process should follow the _____ _____ of research
[GUIDELINES IN PROPOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC]
Research Problem
for researchers, these problems may be conditions they want to improve, difficulties they want to eliminate, questions they want answers, information gaps they wish to fill, or theories they wish to validate.
Research Question
these problems and questions that a researcher attempts to answer. it clears the purpose for doing the research paper; without this the investigation cannot proceed
Research Question
it shows the main problem and the sub-problems to be solved in the research process
Main Problem
it is the general statement of the problem that shows the objective of the research paper
Declarative
the main problem is stated in _______ form
Sub-Problems
also called “investigative questions”; these are measurable variables related in answering the main problem
Interrogative
the sub-problem is stated in ________ form
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Timebound
research questions must be SMART
Specific
research questions must be written in a precise way that it can be interpreted in the same way. it must be clear and has one meaning (unequivocal)
Measurable
research questions should include ____ variables and should be answerable in quantifiable terms; the instruments and tools for collecting data must be considered
Attainable
research questions should be achievable and realistic to answer; consider the financial aspect, time frame, and capabilities
Relevant
research questions must be ____ to the objective of the study and significant to the present time and situation
Timebound
research questions should be completed and answered within reasonable time
Hypothesis
an educated guess that is formulated to explain the observed facts covered by a study. it is a prediction about what will happen in the research
Hypothesis
a testable declarative statement of a potential relationship between two or more variables
Hypothesis
it is an inferential thinking that makes the researchers assume something based on logically drawn conclusions
Null Hypothesis
symbolized by H0
it is the denial of an existence or the absence of a relationship between the variables in the study
Alternative Hypothesis
symbolized by H1
an affirmative declarative statement of the educated guess
shows the significant difference in relationship between the variables
Experimental Research Design
it is inquiring as to what the cause-and-effect relationships between the dependent and independent variables (Tanner, 2018)
Research Locale
it shows the place or setting of the study or the place where the research experiment is conducted
Materials and Equipment
the part that displays the detailed research materials and equipment to be used in the research
Materials
substances and elements the output is made or composed of
Equipment
the apparatus needed in making the research output (tools and machinery)
Research Procedure
explains the step-by-step process on how to do and accomplish the research output. starts with the safety precautions
Schematic Diagram
shows the visual representation of the proposed product, usually for devices
Flow Chart
shows the visual representation of the proposed product, usually for solutions (ex: disinfectant, alternative soil)
Descriptive Research Design
it is used to describe a population or phenomenon and its characteristics; it is more concerned with what, rather than how or why
phenomenon, respondents
a descriptive research title must include a ______ and ______
information, contents
phrase
15
not
abbreviations
inverted pyramid
GUIDELINES IN MAKING A QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH TITLE
the title should give readers the ____ about the ____ of the research.
the title should be in ____ form rather in complete sentence.
the title should not be longer than ____ substantive words.
the title should ____ include “The Study of…” “The Analysis of…” “The Observation on…”
the title should not contain any ____ or acronym.
the title should be written in ____ if it contains more than one line on the title page.