Chapter 6: Fertility

________ is economically rational but modified by non- economic factors to produce the level and pattern of fertility that is observed in a society.

________: behaviour of couples in earlier populations who did not plan their family size or alter their reproduction habits depending on how many children they already had.

________: average number of female births to women after the effect of mortality to women in the reproductive ages has been taken into account.

________: average number of female offspring that women produce.

________: actual reproduction output of a woman, a man, or a couple, as measured by the number of offspring.

________: the physiological ability of a woman, a man, or a couple to reproduce.

________: number of births over a specified period per 1000 population.

Type 2: ________ dictates low levels of reproduction- flows from parents to children.

________: the reduced ability of couples to have children because of impairments in any of the biological aspects of reproduction.

Sterility /________: a total inability to reproduce.

________: total reproductive output for a given population during a specific interval.

________: number of births per 1000 women between the ages 15 and 49.

________: reflects the mortality experience of a hypothetical cohort of newborns, followed through life as the cohort ages.

________ (TMFR): relates to married women of childbearing age.

________: the costs to parents of intentionally limiting family size.

________= parents invest in fewer children of greater quality.

the physiological ability of a woman, a man, or a couple to reproduce

a total inability to reproduce

sterility is present before the individual has had a child

people that have had one child prior to becoming sterile

the reduced ability of couples to have children because of impairments in any of the biological aspects of reproduction

actual reproduction output of a woman, a man, or a couple, as measured by the number of offspring

computed on the basis of current information

information on specific generations of women

number of births over a specified period per 1000 population

number of births per 1000 women between the ages 15 and 49

total reproductive output for a given population during a specific interval

relates to married women of childbearing age

average number of female offspring that women produce

average number of female births to women after the effect of mortality to women in the reproductive ages has been taken into account

reflects the mortality experience of a hypothetical cohort of newborns, followed through life as the cohort ages

sexual conflict

social invention to control our natural sexual urges

sexual act = sin

July → avoid giving birth during winter

November → crop-gathering months

when couples discontinue the use of birth control at the appropriate time in the year as to affect the desired timing of their baby 9 months later

behaviour of couples in earlier populations who did not plan their family size or alter their reproduction habits depending on how many children they already had

number of children desired by parents

those who have more resources spent on them + more time devoted to them

context of economic prosperity

the costs to parents of intentionally limiting family size