Unit 3 APUSH (Finals)

This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items.

British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members

A meeting of delegations from nine of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament, and it showed signs of colonial unity and organized resistance.

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

British law that established new duties on tea, glass, lead, paper, and painters' colors imported into the colonies. Ended up paying the salaries of politicians

A tactical means of putting economic pressure on Britain by refusing to buy its exports to the colonies. Increased the production of American goods

a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament. The committees sent delegates to the First Continental Congress.

British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it. Resistance to the ____ led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.

This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soldiers in their own homes.

convened on September 5, 1774, to protest the Intolerable Acts. The congress voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, conceding to Parliament the power of regulation of commerce but stringently objecting to its arbitrary taxation and unfair judicial system.

They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence

American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809), wrote "Common Sense"

Wrote the Declaration of Independence; a democratic-republican. Strict constructionist view

Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York; considered to be the turning point of the American Revolution. Historical Significance: Caused France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.

Opponents of ratification of the Constitution and opposed a strong central government, generally.

An essay composed by James Madison which argues that liberty is safest in a large republic because many interests (factions) exist. Such diversity makes tyranny by the majority more difficult since ruling coalitions will always be unstable.

• Cause: Concerns about protecting individual rights in the Constitution.

• Effect: The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution were added to protect individual rights.

• Cause: Conflicts between France and Britain, which threatened American neutrality.

• Effect: President Washington's declaration to remain neutral in these conflicts.

• Cause: Concerns about foreign influences and national security.

• Effect: Laws that restricted immigration and limited freedom of speech and the press.

first secretary of the treasury, helped draft the constitution, creator of Hamilton Economics
- played a crucial role in drafting key documents such as the Constitution and the Federalist Papers.

-established the nation's financial system, including the creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts, and the implementation of tariffs, laying the foundation for economic growth and stability.

• Cause: A dispute over judicial appointments.

• Effect: A landmark Supreme Court case establishing judicial review.

• Cause: Napoleon's need for funds and U.S. expansion.

• Effect: The U.S. acquisition of a vast territory from France.

• Cause: The desire to end the War of 1812.

• Effect: Great Britain agreed to relinquish claims to the Northwest Territory, and both countries pledged to work toward ending the slave trade. America, in turn, gained influence as a foreign power.

• United States foreign policy position that opposes European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere. It holds that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers is a potentially hostile act against the United States

• Cause: His appointment as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

• Effect: His influential role in shaping American jurisprudence and established the power and prestige of the judiciary department, so that it could claim equal status with Congress and the Executive in a balanced government of separated powers.

• Cause: The American Revolution and changes in women's roles.

• Effect: An ideology promoting women's role in raising virtuous citizens.

• Cause: Tensions over the admission of new states and the balance of power.

• Effect: A legislative compromise that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

• Cause: A desire to revive religious enthusiasm in the early 19th century.

• Effect: A religious revival and the spread of evangelical Christianity.