Science: Environmental Chemistry

Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, they store energy for short periods of time

Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, they store energy for long periods of time, and they provide insulation

Composed of amino acids, they are structurally and functionally diverse. Their functions include:

-Structure

-Enzymes

-Transport

-Defence

-Movement

-Energy Storage

Contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus, they pass genetic data from one generation to the next.

Any of the minerals that people require daily in amounts over 100 mg

Any of the minerals that people require daily in amounts under 100 mg

A substance that provides nutrients to help crops grow better

Responsible for plant color and growth

Responsible for producing flowers and fruits

Responsible for encouraging root growth

A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops.

Substance that kills insects

Substance used to destroy plants, especially weeds

Substance that kills fungi or inhibits their growth

A powerful insecticide that is also poisonous to humans and animals. It was banned after it was found out it caused eagle eggshells to turn soft, thus leading to a decline in the eagle population

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. It has less than 7 pH, causes irritation and tastes sour

A compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution. It has more than 7 pH, causes irritation, tastes bitter, and is slippery

Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog

The technique of adding calcium carbonate to natural water bodies to neutralize them

A device in a motor vehicle that reduces the amount of pollutants in emissions

A device that removes pollutants or changes them chemically before they leave factory smokestacks

A substance that absorbs oxides

Mass(mol) over Volume(L)

Mass(mg) over Volume(L)

Are immediately toxic and associated with high mortality

Cause damage after repeated or long duration exposure

The amount of a chemical that kills 50% of the animals in a test population

The use of non-human animals for experimental purposes, most commonly rats

Tracking the quality of air, water, and soil, and checking for the presence of pollutants

Tracking changes in the populations of organisms

Tracking changes in the landscape over time

Tracking changes in temperature, climate and weather

Environment will naturally get rid of the pollutant

Environment cannot naturally remove the pollutant

There is an identifiable source of the pollution

The major contributor of the pollution is unclear

A process in which nutrients, such as nitrates or phosphates, become plentiful in a body of water. This results in increased growth of organisms such as algae and bacteria. The algae and bacteria over consume the oxygen that is dissolved in the water, leading to a body of water that does not support life

Organisms that are more sensitive environmental change than others. They can provide indications about the overall health of an ecosystem or about one specific aspect of the ecosystem

• Habitat destruction

• Introduced species

• Overexploitation

• Disruption to interaction networks

• Disruption to substrates ( A surface on which another organism lives)

A species that is only found in a particular area

A species at risk of becoming extinct

A species at risk of becoming endangered

Species that have disappeared in a specific area

Species that are not threatened yet, but have some indication they may become threatened

An event that causes a widespread decline in biodiversity on Earth

• Habitat destruction

• Introduction of exotic species

• Pollution

• Population explosion

• Overconsumption

Chemicals that were once used in aerosol cans, coolant systems, and styrofoam. It was banned in 1989 because it caused a breakdown in the ozone layer

• Primary phase

• Secondary phase

• Tertiary phase

Physically removes solids with grates and grit chambers

Allows bacteria to decompose organic matter using aeration tanks and sludge setting tanks

Disinfects the sewage and returns the water to the watershed using chlorine or UV light

In a sanitary landfill, trash is crushed and covered with a layer of soil to prevent smell, scavengers, sanitary and the spread of disease, and wind from blowing the garbage around

A secure landfill is a landfill with a lined bottom to catch any leachate.

Elements in fertilizer:

• Nitrate

• Phosphorus

• Potassium