APUSH Unit 2

What were the 4 part of the colonies?

• New England

• Middle

• Upper South

• Lower South

What states were in the New England colony?

• Massachusetts

• Rhode Island

• Connecticut

• New Hampshire

What states were in the Middle colony?

• New York

• Pennsylvania

• New Jersey

• Delaware

What states were in the Upper South colony?

• Maryland

• Virginia

• North Carolina

What states were in the Lower South colony?

• South Carolina

• Georgia

What religion was Massachusetts?

Pilgrams and Puritans

What religion was New Hampshire?

Puritans

What religion was Connecticut?

Puritans

What religion was Rhode Island?

Puritans

How does England challenge Spain?

• Henry VIII breaks away from the church

• Sir Francis Drake (pirate) - “sea dogs“

• England colonizers Ireland

• Spanish Armada wrecked

What were “sea dogs”?

People who were told by Queen Elizabeth to raid English enemies (Protestant)

How did England view the Irish?

English viewed Irish Catholics as “savages“

Why was the Spanish Armada wrecked?

• Storm

• Fire ships

• English had smaller ships

What were the motivations of English colonization?

• Enclosure Movement

• Overpopulation - “Sturdy Beggars“

• Failures in Ireland

• Mercantilism

What was the Enclosure Movement?

A movement to take away farmer’s land and give it to animals to graze

Who were “Sturdy Beggars“?

Sturdy Beggars were people who could work but begged or wandered for work instead

How was Ireland during the English Colonization era?

Ireland was a deathland

What is Mercantilism?

Wealth that comes from gold/silver

What does Mercantilism lead to?

• Colonization

• War

What were the “Laws of Primogeniture”?

Laws that stated who received the land (usually the son)

What was a Joint-Stock Company?

A company that was owned by multiple shareholders

Who were “West Country Men”?

People who pushed the English to colonize the New World

What were the other reasons for colonization?

• Black Legend

• Religious Dissent (Arguments because of Religion)

Where was Roanoke?

North Carolina

Why was Roanoke important?

An attempt to establish a colony in North America

Who found Roanoke?

Sir Walter Raleigh

What year did the colonists find Roanoke?

1585

How many times did the English group try to conquer Roanoke?

3 times

What happened at the last attempt to conquer Roanoke?

Colony was gone and the word “Croatan“ was left on a tree

What was the Virginia Colony?

Joint Stock Company founded to make profits in America

When was the Virginia Colony founded?

1606

Why was the Virginia Colony named “Virginia“?

“Virgin“ Queen Elizabeth

What was Jamestown?

The first permanent English colony in America

Where was Jamestown?

Virginia

What was prominent of Jamestown?

• Location

• Work Ethic - “Starving Time“

• Anglo - Powhatan Wars

• John Smith and Pocahontas

What was “Starving TIme“?

A policy made by John Smith saying those who did not work could not eat

What was the relationship between the Jamestown colonists and Indians?

Colonists were reliant on the Powhatan Indians, but the relationship was not always friendly

Who else lived with the Jamestown Colonists?

Powhatan Indians

What was “Brown Gold“?

Tobacco

Who found Tobacco?

John Rolfe

Where was Tobacco found?

Virginia

Where was the Chesapeake Region?

Virginia

What was the “Headright System“?

A system that gave a man 50 acres of land for each indentured servant that they brought

What were “indentured servants“?

Men who wanted to work in the colonies without wages (Not Forced to do work)

Where was the “House of Burgesses“ found?

Virginia

Who was not a fan of the “House of Burgesses“?

King James

Why did King James not like the “House of Burgesses“?

He believed in the absolute authority of kings

Who founded Maryland?

Lord Baltimore

Why was Maryland founded?

To get profits and refuge for Catholics in England

What crop did Maryland grow?

Tobacco

What was created to support the crops?

Slavery

What type of colony was Maryland?

Proprietary Colony

What was a Proprietary Colony?

A colony run by one or more private land owners that retain rights

What was the “Toleration Act“?

An act that allowed religious freedom for Catholics

What is Feudalism?

A caste system in which people were ranked (in a triangle based on importance)

What was the “Middle Passage”?

The journey of African slaves across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World

What were “Slave Codes“?

Laws based on slavery to prevent slave rebellions

What type of were Georgia and Carolina?

Restoration Colonies

What were “Squatters“?

People who took unoccupied land, but does not have permission

What were the main crops of Georgia and Carolina?

• Rice

• Indigo

What was Carolina’s main function?

Supply the Barbados/Caribbean to make sugar

What type of colony was Carolina?

Proprietary colony

What type of colony was Georgia?

Penal/Buffer/Charity colony (For debt)

Who was John Winthrop?

A Puritan who made the concept of “A City On a Hill“

What does “A City On a Hill“ mean?

How Massachusetts would shine and rise above

Where did John Winthrop help?

Massachusetts

Where was Bacon’s Rebellion?

Chesapeake (Jamestown)

Who was involved in Bacon’s Rebellion?

Lord Berkley and Nathaniel Bacon

What was Lord Berkley’s opinion?

Favored the elite over the poor farmers

What did Bacon do in Bacon’s rebellion?

Attacked Jamestown with African Americans to make Natives leave

What was “Salutary Neglect“?

The British colony of lenient tax enforcement or laws (Colonists ignored British Laws)

What was the “Pequot War“?

War between the Puritans and Native Americans

When was the “Pequot War“?

1637

Which war was the Crown involved in?

Pequot’s War

Where was the “Pequot War”?

Connecticut

What was “King Philip’s War“?

A war to drive the colonists out of North America

When was “King Philip’s War“?

1675-1678

What were “Praying Towns“?

Places where colonists would take Natives to study American culture

What was “Narragansett“?

A hit and run tactic with many indian tribes

Why did the Crown get not involved with King Philip’s War?

The colonists were Puritans

What book did Martin Luther make?

95 Theses

What did Martin Luther do?

He nailed the “95 Theses“ on the church doors

Who was John Calvin?

A Protestant reformer who made “Calvinism“

What was the main idea of “Calvinism“?

Predestination

What was “Predestination“?

The idea of that everything that happens has been determined by God

What were the 4 causes of the Reformation?

• Martin Luther

• John Calvin

• King Henry VIII

• Controversy of the Church

What did King Henry VIII do?

Form a new Church of England (Anglican Church)

Who were Pilgrams?

Separatists from the Church that came from Holland

Who were Puritans?

Non-separatists from the Church

When did the Pilgrams come to America?

1608

Why did the Pilgrams come to America?

They wanted their children to be raised as pure Protestant

What was the “Mayflower Compact”?

A document similar to a democracy

Where was the “Mayflower Compact“ from?

Massachusetts

Who was William Bradford?

A Separatist and one of the original settlers in the Plymouth Colony

Who was Squanto?

An interpreter for the Englishmen in Plymouth

Who hated Puritans?

King Charles I

Who found the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Puritans

What did “blue laws“ do?

Regulate morals

What government system did John Winthrop make?

General Court

What was the "Great Migration”?

70,000 refugees left England to go to America