Chapter 27: The Control Systems

________ travel along motor axons to an effector, which brings about a response to the stimulus.

________ prevents the synaptic uptake of dopamine, resulting in a prolonged period of stimulation of the postsynaptic cell and a "rush "sensation.

________ causes uterine contraction during childbirth and milk letdown when a baby is nursing.

________ and thyroxine are produced by the thyroid gland using iodine.

________ inhibits the release of calcitonin when blood calcium level returns to normal.

________ is believed to be responsible for mood, and new medications for drug dependence and mental illness affect its release, reception, or breakdown.

________ may be specific with regard to the types of cells they target.

________ or Graves disease can cause an overactive thyroid gland and bulging of the eyes (exophthalmos)

________ regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels, and acts as an anti- inflammatory agent.

________ is often produced from amphetamine in makeshift home laboratories.

________ take nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands.

________ have 31 pairs of spinal nerves, each containing many sensory and motor axons.

Each ________ serves the region of the body in which it is located.

________ requires more of the drug for the same effect and causes withdrawal symptoms when stopped.

The ________ is a network that includes the diencephalon and areas of the cerebrum.

________ regulates salt and water balance by acting on the kidneys, leading to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure.

The ________ helps to coordinate movement and sleep- wake cycles.

The ________ pathway leads to a "second messenger "that changes cell metabolism.

The ________ receives input from the muscles, joints, and vestibular system (the inner ear)

Includes nerves that take information about external stimuli from ________ to the CNS and motor commands away from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

PTH promotes ________ and calcium release from bones.

The ________ is responsible for higher- order functions such as thinking, reasoning, planning, and movement.

________ is involved in calcium homeostasis.

The ________ is involved in reflex actions, which are programmed, built- in circuits that allow for protection and survival.

________ mellitus is a hormonal disease where cells don't take up or metabolize glucose, leading to high blood glucose levels.

The ________ is responsible for regulating heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.

The ________ actively transports Na+ ions to the outside of the axon and K+ ions inside.

The ________ (PNS) relays sensory information to the CNS for processing and motor responses to the body tissues.

The charge difference plays a(n) ________ in the generation of a nerve impulse or action potential.

________ are present at birth and require no conscious thought to take place.

________ (PRL) is produced during pregnancy and after childbirth, causing mammary glands to develop and produce milk, and plays a role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

________ is the summing up of both excitatory and inhibitory signals.

________ glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

The ________ produces two major types of hormones: mineralocorticoids (e.g.

________ can lead to what is called an amphetamine psychosis, resulting in paranoia; auditory and visual hallucinations; self- absorption; irritability; and aggressive, erratic behavior.

It is responsible for coordinating ________, balance, and posture.

________ have a unique characteristic of possessing a nervous system to detect stimuli in the environment and perform coordinated reactions in response to the stimuli.

The ________ are connected by a bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum.

The ________ is responsible for vision, hearing, and motor control.

The pancreas produces digestive juices that help to break down food

What is the system that controls and coordinates the body's activities?

What is the part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord?

What is the part of the nervous system that includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?

What are the branching projections of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons?

What are the neurons that carry information from the sense organs to the central nervous system?

What are the neurons that connect sensory neurons and motor neurons?

What are the neurons that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands?

What is the wave of electrical activity that travels along a neuron?

What is the process of combining information from different neurons to produce a response?

What is the long, thin, cylindrical structure that extends from the brain and runs down the back of the body?

What is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher-level functions such as thinking, planning, and language?

What is the part of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland?

What is the part of the brain that is responsible for coordination and balance?

What is the part of the brain that connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord and controls basic functions such as breathing and heart rate?

What are the hormones that are made up of chains of amino acids?

What is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones that control growth, metabolism, and reproduction?

What is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones that control water balance and milk production?

What is the gland that produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development?

What are the glands that sit on top of the kidneys and produce hormones that regulate stress, metabolism, and blood pressure?

What is the part of the adrenal glands that produces hormones that regulate the body's response to stress?

What is the part of the adrenal glands that produces hormones that regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and inflammation?

What is the disease that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol?

What is the disease that occurs when the body is exposed to too much cortisol?

What is the function of the endocrine system that involves the secretion of hormones into the bloodstream?

What is the function of the endocrine system that involves the secretion of hormones directly into the tissues?

What is the hormone that helps the body use glucose for energy?

What is the hormone that helps the body release glucose into the bloodstream?