APHG Vocab Unit 1-8

Study of where things happen and why

The degree to which 2 variables are similarly distributed in space

an area with similar characteristics

An official/measurable boundary

• New York State

A central point and the surrounding areas that depend on it

• Metropolitan areas, NYC

People’s perception of common characteristics; no official boundary

• Cultural regions - the Middle East

• Neighborhoods - Flatbush

Uses shading to show differences in predefined areas of space

• # of billionaires by country

Uses lines/colors to connects areas of equal value across space

• Goes across boarders

• Topographic map

Uses symbols/dots of different sizes to show different values

Substitutes a variable for land area

• distorts size

The scope or extent of study

• units of space from largest to smallest

  • supranational state — country — state — county — metropolitan statistical area (MSA) — precinct — census tract (neighborhood)

The physical attributes of a location

• Site factors for industry: land, labor and capital

• Land: natural resources, landscape

• Hudson River & World Trade Center

• Natural

The relationship of a location to its surroundings or to other locations

• Proximity to raw materials/markets

• Mentions other places

Latitude and longitude of a place

• found using GPS

Where a place is compared to someplace else

• Los Angeles is SW of Paris

A measure of interaction across space

As distance increases, connectivity decreases

A decrease in the time it takes for something to diffuse from one place to to another

• because of new technology

Increased connectivity across space

The belief that a group’s culture is primarily shaped by its environment

The belief that a group’s culture is primarily shaped by its people

A places name

• street, country

The idea that successful societies leave a mark on the landscape

• Pyramids in Egypt

The place where a cultural trait originated

The spread of a cultural trait

Caused by migration of people

Spread outwards from the hearth

People in adjacent areas adopt the trait

Influential people adopt it then spread it to others

Trait is adopted but in a new form

• yoga

A huge increase in food production in England (~1800)

Industrialized countries with a high level of healthcare, wealth and education

• the Global North

Poorer and less industrialized countries

• the Global South

The statistical study of human populations

The # of deaths / 1,000 people in a population

A measurement of the speed at which a population grows

• CBR - CDR

• Does not include migration

Average # of children a women will give birth to in their lifetime

The state in which the population remains constant

• NIR = 0

• TFR = 2.1

  • The children will replace the pare

Average # of years a person is expected to live

For every 1,000 children born, the # that die before the age of 1

People who believe actions should be taken to allow population growth

(# of ppl not working age) / (# of ppl of working age)

• Child dependency ratio - more children than adults

• Old age dependency ratio - more elders than adults

Actions taken to increase birth rate

Actions taken to decrease birth rates

Portion of the Earth permanently inhabited by humans

# of people/km' of land

• how crowded is it?

# of people/km' of arable land

• how many people must farmland support?

# of farmers/km' of arable land

• how many farmers must farmland support?

• lower in MDCs

A reason to emigrate

• leave

A reason to immigrate to a place

• job opportunities, escape war

Cities with more than 10 million people

A residential area whose residents have no legal claim to the land

Someone given temporary permission to work in another country

The tendency of migrants from the same place follow each other to the same destination

A neighborhood with a high concentration of immigrants from the same country

A factor that makes migration more difficult

• crossing an ocean, immigration laws

A person forced to leave their country because of persecution, war or violence

Someone who is forced to leave their home but who remains within their country's borders ("a refugee in their own country”)

The legal right of refugees to stay in the country where they arrive

The emigration of a country’s educated citizens

The learned beliefs and practices of a group of people

Similarity in the appearance of cultural traits

Does not seek converts

• local, sense of place

• Amish

Seeks converts

• Islam

Formed from the combination of beliefs of different religions

• Baha’i

Behavior that is considered unacceptable

Has a sense of place and is old

• Changes quickly over space —> is local

  • Sense of place

  • Diffuses via relocation diffusion

• Changes slowly over time —> is old

  • Origin unknown

Made for sale

• changes slowly over space

  • The same everywhere

• Changes quickly over time

  • Via expansion diffusion

  • Known origin

Actions That caused the culture of a powerful countries replace the culture of a weaker country

A language with no remaining speakers

The process by which minority group adjusts to the culture of a dominant group

Adoption of the dominant culture

A group of people with a shared culture and history

An ethnically homogeneous country

• Japan

A country with more than one major ethnic group

• US

a factor that promotes unity among a population

a factor that promotes division among a population

Belief in the superiority of one’s nation

The division of a multiethnic state into several nation states

The forced removal of one ethnic group by another in order to create an ethnically homogenous region

• Myanmar

• Palestine

A group of people with shared physical characteristics

Group of languages that share a distant ancestor

Regional variation of a language

Simplified version of a language used for communication by speakers of different languages

• first generation, no native speakers

A pidgin that becomes the native language of a population

• 2nd generation and beyond

A language used for communication or commerce by speakers of different languages

• global - English

Study of how the world is divided into political units

The power of a government to make laws

An ethnic group that does not control a state

• Palestine

• Catalans

• Uighurs

Where all the power is held by the central government

• everyone follows the same laws

• France

Power is shared between federal and regional governments

• US

• Canada

Uses lines of latitude and longitude

• Egypt-Sudan border

Uses natural features

• lakes, mountains

• Spain-France

Exists before human settlement

• Western US states

Drawn by outsiders

• no knowledge of the land

• Africa - Berlin Conference

No longer divides states but still visible on the land

• Berlin Wall

A region of instability at the intersection of rival powers

• The Balkans

• Yugoslavia

Movement of power downward from central government to regional government

An organization of three or more states with a shared objective

• power moves upward

• EU, NATO, UN

Division of a country into voting districts