Chapter 6: Energy for Life

________ provides the needed energy to allow for photosynthesis to occur.

________ is the process by which plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates.

________ is a type of bacterium that lives everywhere.

________ is the gain of electrons and hydrogen ions by a molecule.

The ________ produces alcohol, which can be used as a fuel.

Uses ATP and ________ to reduce carbon dioxide into glucose.

The electrons are accompanied by ________ (H+), which is why it is possible to track the movement of electrons during photosynthesis.

________ and plants have enormous biochemical capabilities compared to animal cells.

________ is the loss of electrons and hydrogen ions by a molecule.

________ is a carbohydrate that can be used by the plant for energy or stored for later use.

A(n) ________ can utilize the hydrocarbon skeleton of G3P to form fatty acids and glycerol.

________ produce an enormous amount of carbohydrates, which are essential for life on Earth.

________ is a coenzyme that accepts electrons and a hydrogen ion to become NADPH.

When ________ is added to the hydrocarbon skeleton derived from G3P, amino acids are formed.

________ absorb violet- blue- green wavelengths of light but not yellow- orange wavelengths.

________ are added to carbon dioxide one at a time, and through a series of reactions, G3P is formed.

________ is a wasteful process that occurs when rubisco, the enzyme that fixes CO2, accidentally binds to O2 instead.

________ is a form of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen by the human eye.

________ is split, releasing two H+ ions into the thylakoid space.

________ is more efficient than C3 photosynthesis in hot, dry conditions because it helps to prevent photorespiration.

________ are screened out by the ozone layer in the atmosphere.

________ occurs in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells.

________ and carotenoids are the main pigments found in photosynthetic cells.

________ are screened out by water vapor and CO2.

The ________ are densely clustered to promote efficient electron transfer between carriers.

________, such as coal and oil, are formed from the remains of ancient photosynthetic organisms.

________ produces NADPH by passing electrons from the electron transport chain to NADP+.

The pigment ________ light energy and passes it to the reaction center, where it is used to excite electrons.

The ________ is a continuous range of radiant energy, with different wavelengths corresponding to different amounts of energy.

________ are the most common type of plant.

________ is the process of using NADPH and ATP to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.

________ provides the electrons needed for the reduction reaction, while ATP provides the energy.

The ________ are used to generate ATP in the electron transport chain.

During ________, the thylakoid space acts as a reservoir for hydrogen ions (H+)

________ reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis in C3 plants in hot, dry conditions.

The energy stored in the carbohydrates produced by ________ is used to sustain life on Earth, including the plants themselves, animals, and humans.

________ (CO2) fixation is the first step of the Calvin cycle.

________ move from carrier to carrier down the electron transport chain, releasing energy.

________ is made up of different wavelengths, each of which corresponds to a different color.

________, PS II, and the electron transport chain are molecular complexes located within the thylakoid membrane.

________ is produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis when NADP+ receives electrons and a hydrogen ion from the electron transport chain.

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose is called ________.

The stacks of thylakoids in a chloroplast are called ________.

The fluid-filled region of a chloroplast that surrounds the grana is called the ________.

The first stage of photosynthesis, in which light energy is used to produce ATP and NADPH, is called the ________ reactions.

The second stage of photosynthesis, in which carbon dioxide is fixed and converted into glucose, is called the ________ cycle.

Chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons are called ________ reactions.

The loss of electrons in a redox reaction is called ________.

The gain of electrons in a redox reaction is called ________.

Yellow, orange, and red pigments that are found in plants and algae are called ________.

The light-harvesting complexes in chloroplasts are called ________.

The enzyme that uses the energy of ATP to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate is called ________.

A small molecule that helps an enzyme function is called a ________.

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle is called ________.

The most common type of photosynthesis, in which carbon dioxide is fixed into a three-carbon compound, is called ________ photosynthesis.

A type of photosynthesis that uses an additional carbon fixation step to increase efficiency, is called ________ photosynthesis.

A type of photosynthesis that is adapted to dry conditions, in which carbon dioxide is fixed at night and stored in the form of malate, is called ________ photosynthesis.