Unit 3 APHG Gradesavers

All of a groups learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects.

Culture

Visible and invisible elements

Cultural traits

interrelated traits

Cultural complex

the area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops

Cultural hearth

behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture

Taboos

the beliefs and practices of small, homogenous groups of people, often living in rural areas that are relatively isolated and slow to change

Folk culture

Culture that isn't tied to a specific location but rather a general location based on wide spread diffusion

Popular culture

Elements adopted world wide

Global culture

Members of an ethnic group reside in their ancestral lands

Indigenous community

anything that can physically be seen on the landscape

Material culture

Tangible (touchable) aspects of a culture

Artifacts

Cultural elements expressing values and beliefs

Mentifacts

Anything on the landscape that comprises culture that cannot be physically touched (ie. Language or religion)

non-material culture

ways people organize their society and relate to one another

Sociofacts

The art of constructing buildings

Architecture

A style of building that reflects a local cultures history, beliefs, values, ect

Traditional architecture

Modern buildings, more glass and steel

Postmodern Architecture

The study of languages and its structure.

Linguistic characteristics

Differences between man and woman; roles in society

Gender

the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.

Religion

Concentrations of people from the same ethnicity in certain places

Ethnic Neighborhood

When one group of people is dispersed to various locations

Diaspora

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Christianity

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

Buddhism

A relatively new monotheistic faith, believes that all people were created equal

Sikhism

A polytheistic religion, thought to be the oldest religion on earth

Hinduism

the monotheistic religion of the Jews. IS one of the oldest religion

Judaism

Belief that societies leave their cultural imprints on places.

Sequent occupancy

The concept that a groups beliefs should be understood from the perspective of the other groups culture

cultural relativism

People who believe their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures

Ethnocentrism

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

Ethnicity

A trait diffuses from a group of lower status to a group of higher status

reverse hierarchical diffusion

When an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait

Stimulus diffusion

a common language used among people with different native languages (ie. english)

Lingua franca

A particular type of imperialism in which people move into and settle on the land of another country.

Colonialism

the native language of a people in an area

Indigenous language

Idea, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society and are not created by nature

Social constructs

The decline in travel time between places

Time-space convergence

Cultures becoming more similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits

cultural convergence

Idea that culture change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation and modern technology changes

cultural divergence

A group of related languages with a common ancestor

Language family

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Dialect

The boundaries between variation im pronunciations or word usage (garage/ gAre-ridge)

Isoglosses

A large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6000 yrs ago

Indo-European language family

Religions seek to convert people to get more adherents

Universalizing Religion

belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers

Ethnic religions

The adoption of cultural traits, by one group under the influence of another.

Acculturation

Process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture

Assimilation

The fusion/blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait

Syncretism

the coexistence of several cultures in one society, with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study

multiculturalism

Anti-immigrant

Nativist

The process by which people live in a city

Urbanization

The increasing connections of the economic, cultural, and political characteristics across the world

Globalization

The modification of the environment by a group and is a visible reflection of that groups cultural beliefs

Cultural landscape

How land has bene changed/modified to be used for a specific purpoSe

Land use patterns

A strong feeing or perception people have if a place

Sense of place

The process of a community coming together and transforming a public space for different activities or events

Placemaking

Forces that tend to unite or bind people together.

Centripetal forces

Aspects of a society that divide a group of people and push them apart

CentriFUgal forces

Happens when a culture/group of people physically move from one place to another

Relocation diffusion

when innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations.

Expansion Diffusion

Trait doesn't go through a system of structure and spreads

Contagious diffusion

Happens through systems, typically from some sort of power (ex: video games becoming famous bc of streamers)

Hierarchical diffusion

The process of two cultures/languages coming together to create a new/third culture/language

Creolization

Belief in many gods

Polytheistic

Belief in one God

Monotheistic