Foundations of American Democracy- Ch. 2 & 3 Diagram | Quizlet

Outlines the legislative branch

Supreme law of the U.S.

A key framer who envisioned a powerful central government, co-authored The federalist papers, and served as the first secretary of the Treasury.

Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption.

Vests all legislative powers in the Congress and establishes a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives; it also sets out the qualifications for holding office in each house, the terms of office, the methods of selection of representatives and senators, and the system of apportionment among the states to determine membership in the House of Representatives.

Vests the executive power, that is, the authority to execute the laws of the nation, in a president of the United States; section 1 sets the president's term of office at four years and explains the Electoral College and states the qualifications for office and describes a mechanism to replace the president in case of death, disability, or removal from office.

Establishes a Supreme Court and defines its jurisdiction.

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation.

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause.

Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns

A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed

The final paragraph of Article !, section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws " necessary and proper'' to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution; also called the elastic clause.

A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states. Its key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court with members appointed for life.

commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others.

A pamphlet written by Enlightenment philosopher Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government.

Mandates that states honor the laws and judicial proceedings of other states. Article IV also includes the mechanisms for admitting new states to the union.

Specifies how amendments can be added to the Constitution

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the Constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions

The compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states.

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the Constitutional Convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the Declaration of Independence.

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)

"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.

Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.

A unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region region within a country. The eleven Southern states making up the Confederacy during the Civil War seceded from the United States

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures.

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

a local government that is restricted to a particular function

The Tenth Amendment is the last Amendment in the Bill of Rights which was created to protect American citizens natural rights. The Tenth Amendment states that the "powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people." This allows for a strong central government but it does not allow it to become all powerful by still allowing states and people rights.

A form of government in which power resides in a leader who may rule according to self-interest and without regard for individual rights and liberties

System of government in which all power is invested in a central government.

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

a rule that limits the powers of local gov't to those expressly granted by the state or those powers closely linked to the express powers

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war.

law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court

Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services

A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments

Part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.

system in which the national government restores greater authority back to the states

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

A government ruled by a few powerful people

prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district

a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative

A territorial unit between a city/town and the state itself.

Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain

The system established by the Constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has as many electoral votes as it has members of congress

The power of the national government specifically granted to congress in article 1 section 8 of the constitution

Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political party.

a series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution

The distribution of constitutional authority between state government and the national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

A legal document granted by a state to a city or town; city's local constitution

powers shared by the national and state governments