12-08: Energy & Metabolism

the sum of all chemical reactions needed to sustain life

anabolism + catabolism

motion

energy contained/stored in chemical bonds within a molecule

energy cannot be created nor destroyed - can only be converted from one form to another

builds up

breaks down

a need for energy

release of energy

a measure of energy in the system, related to the amount of hear released or absorbed by a reaction

releases more thermal energy than it absorbs

absorbs more thermal energy than it releases

in every energy conversion, some energy becomes unusable, thus increasing the entropy of the universe

a measure of randomness/disorder

positive = more disorder

negative = less disorder

the most useful kind of energy - in a chemical change, this is the energy that is kept (not lost) and is usable

don’t need a continual source of energy, once they hit their activation energies they will occur (e.g. once the match is lit, the fire continues)

the happening of 2 reactions at the same time, aiming for a net exergonic overall reaction in order to obtain spontaneity

Energy for endergonic reactions in cells is mostly provided by coupling the reaction with the hydrolysis of ATP. When water reacts with it, it breaks it into ADP and the phosphate bonds to a reactant thus making it more reactive, provides energy