Studied by 20 peoplecell
smallest unit of life
stimulus
anything that causes you to react
homeostasis
a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function together
metabolism
the chemical changes that takes place in a cell or an organism
repreoduction
the production of offspring
asexual reproduction
one parent copies itself to form a genetically identical offspring
sexual reproduction
an organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique
evolution
the change in the characteristics of a species over time and relies on the process of natural selection
unicellular
one cell
multicellular
multiple cells
characteristics of life
reproduction, organization, adaption, growth and development, DNA, energy, homeostasis, evolution
example of metabolism
building glucose from carbon dioxide
abiotic
non living things
biotic
living things
biosphere
all life on earth
ecosystem
all the living and nonliving things that interact in an area
community
different populations that live together in a defined area
population
a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area
organism
any living thing
species
taxonomic group whose members interbreed
producers
organisms that can make their own food
consumers
an organism that cannot produce its own food and must eat other plants and/or animals to get energy
herbivores
eats plants
carnovers
eats animals
omnivers
eats both
decomposers
organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and return raw materials to the environment
parasitism
one species benefits, the other is harmed
commensalism
one species benefits, the other doesn’t but isn’t harmed
mutualism
both species benifit
fossil fuels
non-renewable energy sources
10% rule
10 percent of the energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next
natality
birth
competition
interaction in which two or more species use the same limited resource
mortality
death
emigration
leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad
immigration
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
invasive species
species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their habitats
nitrogen fixing
the chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds
predator
hunts for food
prey
caught for food
primary consumer
herbivores
secondary consumers
carnivors
transpiration
the exhalation of water vapor through the stomata
trophic level
organism in a food chain that represents a feeding step in the passage of energy and materials through an ecosystem
carbon cycle
nitrogen gas is changed into forms of nitrogen that plants can use
water cycle
the path that all water follows as it moves around Earth in different states
biotic factors
animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists
abiotic factors
water, air, soil, sunlight, and minerals
molecule
a group of atoms bonded together
polar
electrons are not shared evenly over the covalent bond
hydrogen bond
slightly positive hydrogen on one molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom in another molecule
organic molecule
molecules that contain carbon
active site
where the substrate combines with the enzymes
substrate
molecule that gets helped by an enzyme
6 most abundant elements
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen, sulfur
structure of water
negative oxygen and positive hydrogen
carbohydrates monomer
monosaccharide
carbohydrates purpose
provide body with glucose
carbohydrates examples
glycogen, photosynthesis
carbohydrates structure
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
lipids structure
fatty compounds
lipids monomer
glycerol and fatty acids
lipids purpose
storing energy
lipids examples
cholesterol, phospholipids
nucleic acids structure
nucleotides
nucleic acids monomer
nucleotide
nucleic acids purpose
pass on genetic information
nucleic acids examples
DNA and RNA
protein structure
amino acids linked together
protein monomer
amino acids
proteins purpose
enzymes, transport, messengers, movement
protein example
muscles
job of enzyme
speed up chemical reactions
situations that affect enzyme rate
temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration
pH levels related to acids
pHs less then 7
pH levels related to bases
pHs greater then 7
digestive system purpose
break down food molecules into smaller monomers so the body can use the nutrients
teeth function
tear food into smaller pieces
saliva function
moistens food, contains enzymes which break down starches into simple sugars
function of esophagus
tube connecting throat to stomach
function of stomach
site of mechanical and chemical digestion
function of liver
creates bile
function of small intestine
digestion, a place for the circulatory to absorb nutrients, passes along remaining undigested food
function of large intestine
removes water
order of organs food passes through
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
chemical digestion
complex molecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are broken down into smaller pieces that your body can use
mechanical digestion
physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion
where carbohydrates are digested
mouth, small intestine, pancreas
where proteins are digested
the small intestine, pancreas
where lipids are digested
small intestine, with help from liver and pancreas
cell membrane job
provides protection for a cell
cell membrane structure
a lipid bilayer
nucleus function
stores the DNA
nucleus structure
includes nuclear membrane, chromosomes, nucleoplasm, and nucleolus
nucleolus structure
RNA and proteins
nucleolus function
produce and assemble the cells ribosomes
nuclear envelope function
separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structure for the nucleus
mitochondria
creates energy in the form of ATP
ribosomes location
attached to the er and scattered throughout the cytoplasm
ribosomes function
making protein through amino acids
Note
Flashcard