Studied by 9 peopleNapoleon is one of the greatest ? minds of all time.
military
During the Italian Campaign Napoleon is able to ? warfare.
revolutionize
In 1799 Napoleon was able to seize control of the government through a bloodless ? declaring himself First Consul.
coup d’état
Napoleon created a new code of ? which included sweeping reform
laws
In the name of peace and supporting the revolution Napoleon went to war with his ? these wars are known as the Napoleonic Wars.
neighbors
In 1804 Napoleon declared himself ?
emperor of france
The ? gained territory from its neighbors through conquest becoming the greatest since the Roman Empire.
French empire
? was the only country that continually succeeded against Napoleon.
england
Napoleon made the catastrophic mistake of invading ?
russia
Of the ? men in Napoleon’s army, 500,000 died or deserted while retreating from Russia.
600,000
1814, Napoleon is forced to abdicate and is exiled to the tiny island of ?
elba
Louis’ troops join Napoleon forcing Louis to abdicate his throne; Napoleon is again in ? of France.
control
who was napoleon defeated by at waterloo?
duke of wellington
1815, Napoleon is forced to abdicate again and is sent to the tiny island of St. Helena, Napoleon died six years later in ?
exile
Napoleon was ? in his attempt to unify Europe under French domination.
unsuccessful
what is Napoleonic code
Napoleon’s law code which included many reforms that were popular with the people
What are 2 effects of Napoleon’s legacy?
he awakened the feelings of national pride and grew nationalism.
What are the dates of the Congress of Vienna?
1814-1815
who are the key countries at the congress of Vienna
Russia, Prussia, Austria England and France
what person hosted the congress of Vienna
prince Metternich of Austria
what was the main goal of the congress of Vienna?
to restore Europe to how it was before the french revolution
what des a balance of power mean
the congress of Vienna attempted to balance out the power between the countries in the Europe like it was before the french revolution to stop another napoleon situation.
what did liberalists want?
all male property owners to get to vote, to protect basic rights and property, to have a republic with a constitution, to have the government stay away from businesses and freedom of religion
what did conservatives want?
monarchs and nobles to rule, to keep order and maintain stability, have the monarchy based off government and everything be controlled by nobles, and the state church be established.
what is nationalism
desire of the people for self-rule
Whose event started nationalism in Europe?
Napoleon’s occupation of Europe.
What did nationalistic people feel it was time to form?
their own nations
What did cause did Sarah Parker Remond, a prosperous black American support in America by lecturing in Britain?
the American anti-slavery
In contrast to continental Europe, the United Kingdom expanded political rights through legislation means and made ? illegal in the British Empire.
slavery
Italy (the place) was culturally important because Rome was the center of which church?
catholic church
Italy also had a long history of?
classical civilizations
What three things divided Italy?
cultural differences, economic differences and political differences
which 4 areas was Italy divided into?
kingdom of 2 Sicilies ruled by a French king, papal states ruled by the pop, Sardinia ruled by an Italian, and the rest controlled by Austria
Mazzini was the ? of the Italian unification
heart
What failed thing did Mazzini led in 1848?
A nationalistic revolution in the Italian peninsula
Who was the king of Sardinia who eventually became the King of Italy and was a leader in Italian Unification?
victor Emmanuel 2
who was victor Emmanuel 2’s prime minister
cavour
What was the sneaky part of the Cavour’s plan that led to Austria and France going to war which led to Austria leaving Italy and Sardinia gaining control of Northern Italy?
no one knew about the secret alliance
Who as the military commander who gained control of Southern Italy and Sicily, eventually joining it with Northern Italy?
Giuseppe garibaldi
What supported a union of the South and the North in October 1860?
a national vote
In Feb 1861 The North and South were united under Victor Emmanuel II, what was the one place that remained to join?
the papal states
Where did capital of Italy have to move to get the Pope to agree to unification?
rome
Prior to its unification What political organization made up most of what would become Germany?
holy roman empire
Besides geography what major thing divided the German people?
religion
what denomination of Christianity made up northern Italy?
protestants
what denomination of Christianity made up southern Germany
catholic
Which war was the most significant in dividing and devastating the Holy Roman Empire?
30 years war
what percentage of Germans died in the 30 years war
25-33%
What major things tied Germans together?
Common language and traditions
after the Congress of Vienna, German lands was organized how many states?
39
of the 39 states the congress of Vienna turned the holy roman empire into who ruled the two biggest sections of these states?
Austria and Prussia
What did Prussia start as ? state
monastic crusader
What geographic region did Prussia dominate?
northern Germany
Prussia was famous for its strong and efficient?
military
What king of Prussia wanted to unite the German states into one country?
king William 1
what were the 2 concepts the Prussian prime minister believed
“blood and iron” and “realpolitik”
Bismarck’s plan to united the German States under the banner of Prussia required a common?
cause war
what was the Franco Prussian war?
a common cause war meant to unite Germany together
Who won the Franco-Prussian War?
Prussia
What happened on January 18, 1871?
William 1 became Kaiser of Germany
what was Kaiser Wilhelm’s reign known as?
second reich
what does Reich mean
it’s the german word for empire
who became the german chancellor
Bismarck
Who fired Bismarck in 1890?
Kaiser Wilhelm 2
What did the aggressive Kaiser Wilhelm II want
war
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