APUSH Period 4 - simplified

1789-1793; made political divisions among American leaders worse

Washington believed the nation was too young and weak to risk engagement in a European war

Designed by Hamilton; included economic goals; removal of British forts in the Northwest Territory.

Upon leaving office in 1797, Washington wrote a letter to the people of the USA warning them to remain neutral in all forms

In a last-minute piece of legislation before the Congress was to be turned over to the majority Democratic-Republicans, the Federalists in which 16 new judgeships were created.

John Marshall, a staunch Federalist, was the sitting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

In 1804, the Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution, which called for electors to the Electoral College to specify which ballot was being cast for the office of president, and which was being cast for the office of vice president.

In 1805, Randolph broke with Jefferson and created the Quids, a conservative wing of the Democratic-Republican party that wished to restrict the role of the federal government.

The U.S. Navy fought the pirates in the Mediterranean Sea for four years in what came to be called the Tripolitan War (1801-1805).

Prior to the outbreak of the War of 1812, General William Henry Harrison sought to break up a large native confederacy that a pair of Shawnee brothers, Tecumseh and the Prophet, had organized in the face of an American advance westward.

The formidable General Andrew Jackson led American troops through Alabama to New Orleans and successfully prevented the English from gaining control over the Mississippi River at the Battle of New Orleans.

The Treaty of Ghent that ended the War of 1812 was signed by American envoys and British diplomats in Belgium on December 24, 1814.

During the winter of 1814-1815, a radical group of New England Federalists met at the Hartford Convention in Hartford, Connecticut to discuss ways to demand that the federal government pay them for the loss of trade due to the Embargo Act and the War of 1812.

…of New York; proposed an amendment to Missouri's bid for statehood.

To prevent cheap British goods from flooding the market and injuring American manufacturing, Congress passed the Tariff of 1816, which imposed a 20 percent duty on all imported goods and became the first truly "protective tariff" in American history.

When domestic prices for goods and land subsequently jumped and threatened to destroy the economy, Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which required the payment for purchase of all federal lands be made in hard coin, or specie, rather than banknotes.

The Tariff of 1828 came about in response to New England merchants who had been pushing for stronger protection from foreign competitors.

In an attempt to appease the South, Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832, which lowered the tariff from 45 percent to 35 percent.

Andrew Jackson was a proponent of the spoils system, in which he appointed those who supported his campaign to government positions.

By 1838, all of the Cherokees had been forcibly removed from the state of Georgia and relocated to territory in Oklahoma that had been set aside for them. Of the 15,000 people who embarked on the journey, 4,000 died, leading the Cherokee to name this tragic event the "Trail of Tears."

Religious revivalism reached its full fever pitch in the 1820s, with the preaching of Presbyterian minister Charles G. Finney.

Dorothea Dix was a well-known reformer who fought for the humane treatment of the nation's mentally ill population.

The women at Seneca Falls drafted the Declaration of Sentiments, modeled after the Declaration of Independence, to declare that "all men and women are created equal" and to demand suffrage for women.

In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison began publishing The Liberator, a newspaper dedicated to ending slavery.

After Smith was murdered in Illinois, Brigham Young became the new leader of the Mormons.

The Knickerbockers of New York, including Washington Irving, developed American fiction by using domestic settings and character types for their stories.

The Erie Canal, completed in 1825 with funds provided by the state of New York, linked the Great Lakes with the Hudson River.

Many Americans were unhappy with the influx of immigrants, and those who fought against the rights of foreigners became known as nativists.

In 1849, a wing of the nativist movement became a political party called the American Party, or the Know-Nothing Party.

In 1849, a wing of the nativist movement became a political party called the American Party, or the Know-Nothing Party.