Studied by 2 peopleTags & Description
Obligate Aerobic
must live in oxygen
Obligate Anerobic
cannot live in oxygen
Facultative Aerobic
can live with or without oxygen
Which do scientists believe was the first organism?
Obligate Anerobe
What is the cell wall of bacteria made up of?
peptidoglycan
Robert Hooke
Was the first to view and draw dead plant cells from cork
How did the term "cell" originate?
They resembled the "cells" the monks lived in, *empty rectangles*.
Leeuwenhoek
Was the first to view living cells in organisms
Describe Leeuwenhoek's microscope:
simple; handheld
Co founders of the Cell Theory:
Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow, and Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Zoologist who concluded that all animals are made of cells (in 1839)
Matthias Schleiden
Botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells (in 1838)
Rudolf Virchow
Medical doctor who observed cells dividing using a microscope
What conclusion did Virchow make about the cells dividing?
All cells come from other pre-existing cells by cell division
3 parts of Cell Theory
all living things are composed of cells
cells are the basic unit of structure and function (basic unit of life)
new cells are produced from living cells (cell division)
Lynn Margulis
1970's scientist who came up with the Endosymbiotic theory
Endosymbiotic theory
some organelles within today's cells were once free living cells
What was Lynn Margulis' evidence?
Organelles with their own DNA
2 DNA-containing organelles that support the ENDOSYMBIOSIS theory
chloroplast and mitochondria
microscope
must be used to view most cells
3 basic types of cells
animal, plant, bacteria
Unicellular
made of ONE cell
Multicellular
made of MANY (organized) cells
How do cells range in size?
5-50 micrometers/microns
Put the following in order: animal cell, bacteria cell, & plant cell (largest-smallest).
plant cell, animal cell, bacteria cell
The size of cells is important to ___
the proper function of the cell
How is the Surface Area and Size of Plasma/Cell Membrane measured?
length x width
How is the volume of a cell measured?
length x width x hight
Which increases faster, volume or surface area?
volume
What happens when the surface area is too small for the volume of the cell and Why?
the cell must divide (undergo mitosis) or it DIES if it cannot divide
Is the cell of an elephant larger than the cell of a mouse?
no; they are almost the same size
What do cells in multicellular often do?
specialize
What does specialization mean?
take on different shape/function
Give some examples of specialized animal cells
muscle cells; red blood cells; cheek cells
Differentiation
another word for specialization; turning on/ off genes
What do prokaryotes and bacteria (domains: Archaea & Eubacteria) lack?
a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What do only some bacteria contain?
capsule
What do bacterial cells have?
1 chromosome that is circular
Where is DNA located?
nucleoid region of a prokaryote
Where are the cell membrane and cell wall found?
they surround the outside of the cell
Is the cell membrane in the Prokaryotic cell, Eukaryotic cell, or both?
both
What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA
What does gram positive mean?
you have more peptidoglycan and you have a thicker cell wall
What does gram negative mean?
you have less peptidoglycan and you have a thinner wall
Why is it important to know whether bacteria is gram + or -?
so you know what antibiotic to use (gram negative can be harder to kill)
What does bacteria/eukaryotic cells contain?
ribosomes (organelles without a membrane)
What are ribosomes used to make?
proteins
What are ribosomes made of?
RNA and proteins
What is located in the Nucleoid region?
DNA
What are eukaryotes?
Cells with a nucleus, ribosomes, and membrane bound organelles
examples of eukaryotes
animals, plants, fungi, protists
Which is more complex, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
eukaryotes
Name the 3 basic parts of all eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm with organelles
Central Dogma
DNA -> RNA -> Protein (in ribosomes)
Prokaryote
no nucleus or membrane bound organelles; have ribosomes
Where do chromosome & plasmids float freely
Cytoplasm
Flagella
used for movement
Pili
acts as adhesives and used in conjugation
Binary Fission
A sexual reproduction where one cell splits into two cells. Both have identical sets of DNA and NO diversity.
Conjugation
Process where DNA in PLASMID is exchanged. Cells connect by PILI and PLASMID is exchanged.
Obligate Aerobic
must live in oxygen
Obligate Anerobic
cannot live in oxygen
Facultative Aerobic
can live with or without oxygen
Which do scientists believe was the first organism?
Obligate Anerobe
Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics
Charles Darwin
Scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection; Father of evolution
What is the cell wall of bacteria made up of?
peptidoglycan
Robert Hooke
Was the first to view and draw dead plant cells from cork
How did the term "cell" originate?
They resembled the "cells" the monks lived in, *empty rectangles*.
Leeuwenhoek
Was the first to view living cells in organisms
Describe Leeuwenhoek's microscope:
simple; handheld
Co founders of the Cell Theory:
Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow, and Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Zoologist who concluded that all animals are made of cells (in 1839)
Matthias Schleiden
Botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells (in 1838)
Rudolf Virchow
Medical doctor who observed cells dividing using a microscope
What conclusion did Virchow make about the cells dividing?
All cells come from other pre-existing cells by cell division
3 parts of Cell Theory
all living things are composed of cells
cells are the basic unit of structure and function (basic unit of life)
new cells are produced from living cells (cell division)
Lynn Margulis
1970's scientist who came up with the Endosymbiotic theory
Endosymbiotic theory
some organelles within today's cells were once free living cells
What was Lynn Margulis' evidence?
Organelles with their own DNA
2 DNA-containing organelles that support the ENDOSYMBIOSIS theory
chloroplast and mitochondria
microscope
must be used to view most cells
3 basic types of cells
animal, plant, bacteria
Unicellular
made of ONE cell
Multicellular
made of MANY (organized) cells
How do cells range in size?
5-50 micrometers/microns
Put the following in order: animal cell, bacteria cell, & plant cell (largest-smallest).
plant cell, animal cell, bacteria cell
The size of cells is important to ___
the proper function of the cell
How is the Surface Area and Size of Plasma/Cell Membrane measured?
length x width
How is the volume of a cell measured?
length x width x hight
Which increases faster, volume or surface area?
volume
What happens when the surface area is too small for the volume of the cell and Why?
the cell must divide (undergo mitosis) or it DIES if it cannot divide
Is the cell of an elephant larger than the cell of a mouse?
no; they are almost the same size
What do cells in multicellular often do?
specialize
What does specialization mean?
take on different shape/function
Give some examples of specialized animal cells
muscle cells; red blood cells; cheek cells
Note
Flashcard