Chapter 9 Social Interaction

Where people place blame for behavior

When someone ascribes behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings

When someone ascribes behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints

The overestimation of internal factors and underestimation of external factors for other’s behavior

Attributing one’s behavior to external causes and the behavior of others to internal factors

The tendency to attribute our successes to internal causes while blaming our failures on external causes

The tendency to overestimate how much other people agree with us

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories

The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

A cognitive bias that occurs when an initial positive judgement about a person unconsciously colors the perception of the individual as a whole

Occurs when our expectations cause us to unconsciously act in a manner to bring about behaviors that confirm our expectations

A theory of persuasion that attempts to explain how people process stimuli differently and how these processes change attitudes and behavior

The presentation of information with facts, data, logic, and evidence to persuade

The presentation of information with distractions (lights, music, celebrities, colors, emotion) to persuade

The theory that if people agree to a smaller task, they are more likely to agree to a larger task

The theory that if an individual denies a larger request, they are more likely to agree to a smaller request

A disconnect between your attitude and behavior which feels like it needs to be resolved or reduced

A psychological study that tested whether participants would conform to the obviously wrong choice or stay true to their consensus

Interpersonal processes that challenge the correctness of beliefs and test other’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

Processes that urge people to feel, think, and act toward social norms, standards, and conventions

A desire for unanimity in a decision making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action

The psychologist behind the Standford Prison Experiment that measured compliance and conformity to authority

The psychologist behind the ‘shock experiment’ that measured obedience but violated the right to withdrawal

Any socially determined behaviors or standards that are considered normal in certain contexts

An individual’s improved performance in front of others when they are already good at a task

An individuals’ worsened performance in front of other when they are already bad at a task

Reduced effort within a group compared to when an individual is alone

The loss of a sense of self, identity, or awareness when an individual is placed in a group

The effect of after joining a group of people with similar values, beliefs, opinions, etc. a person’s original stance becomes extreme

Describes the group with who people identify

Describes the group with who people do not identify

The phenomenon that occurs when the more people that are around that witness something, the less likely someone will be to intervene

When more people are around, people will expect someone else to manage a situation

Beliefs, expectations, and perceptions about a group are applied to all individual members of that group

A positive/negative attitude formed toward others because of their membership in a group

The behavioral manifestation of prejudice that involves negative, hostile, and injurious treatment of the members of rejected groups

The assumption that anyone within your in-group are all individuals, but anyone in the out-group are alike

The direction of one’s anger or frustration on to others to target them as the source of one’s problems

The accusation of a person being the cause of their own unfortunate situation

Regarding one’s own ethnic, racial, or social group as the center of things and a sense of group superiority

The idea that bringing members of different groups together and letting them gain commonalities will help decrease stereotypes

Shared goals that can only be achieved through cooperation

An unselfish concern for another person’s welfare

A cost-benefit analysis for helping others that seeks to minimize the cost will have on us and maximize the benefit it will have for others

A standard that determines whether a person should assist another or not

An expectation of returning favors once someone has performed one to them

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Behavior that is aimed at harming others either physically or psychologically (or both!)

Behavior that is purposefully performed with the goal of either injury or destruction

Active aggression that is carried out in order to achieve a desired resource

• testosterone

• alcohol influence on the brain

• active amygdala

• hypothalamus’ response to fight

• Catharsis Hypothesis

• Social Learning Theory

• Media

• Culture

• Environmental Stress

The most important factor of attractiveness where individuals who live close to each other are more likely to be attracted to each other

Individuals are more likely to be drawn to other things/people with whom they have frequent interactions

The second most influential factor of attractiveness as it is easily noticeable and focuses on levels of symmetry or biologically compitibility

The third most influential factor of attractiveness that claims people tend to like others who are similar to them in a variety of ways

The fourth most influential factor of attractiveness that describes how people tend to like others who like them too

The fifth most important factor of attractiveness that demonstrates engagement and value in a person’s conversation and self

The psychologist behind the triangle of “types of love”

A type of love characterized by passion and intimacy

A type of love characterized by passion and commitment

A type of loved characterized by intimacy and commitment

A type of love characterized by intimacy, passion, and commitment