Studied by 1 personWhat on the DNA structure resembles a spiraling ladder?
The double helix
What is the backbone of the ladder in the DNA structure made from?
Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar molecules
What are the ladder rungs made of in the DNA structure?
nitrogenous bases
What comes together to form a unit of DNA called nucleotide?
1 phosphate + 1 sugar + 1 base
What are the 4 different types of DNA bases?
Adenine ( A )
Thymine ( T )
Guanine ( G )
Cytosine ( C )
Each DNA base is unique but what do they all contain?
Nitrogen
What do DNA bases pair with each other to create?
Ladder rungs of the molecule
Which 2 DNA bases have 2 nitrogen rings?
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
Which 2 DNA bases have 1 nitrogen ring
Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C)
What is it called when DNA bases have 2 nitrogen rings?
Purines
What is it called when DNA bases have 1 nitrogen ring?
Pyrimidines
Base pairs always contain what?
1 purine and 1 pyrimidine
Out of the 4 DNA base pairs which always pair together?
Adenine always pair with thymine
Guanine always pairs with cytosine
how many hydrogen bonds does adenine and thymine form?
2 hydrogen bonds
how many hydrogen bonds does guanine and cytosine form?
3 hydrogen bonds
how could you find the second strand of DNA by using the first?
By matching what will pair with which DNA base.
True or false, each DNA chain is unique for every person?
true
What is a chromosome
A piece of genetic material found inside the nucleus of a cell
Diploid
Cells that contain 2 copies of chromosomes
Haploid
Cells that contain 1 copy of chromosomes
gene
a distinct sequences of DNA which will determine the characteristics of the offspring
genes
recipes for individual proteins that make up our traits
alleles
different form of a gene ( which come from the gametes sperm or egg ). humans have 2 alleles per trait
trait
the phenotype that gives us our characteristics controlled by genetics
karyotype
an individuals complete set of chromosomes ( humans 23 chromosomes )
What are the 3 main purposes for cell division?
Growth, increasing the numbers of cells in the body
Repair, to replace old, damaged, or dead cells
Reproduction, can make exact copies (clones)
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
Note
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