Chapter 2: The Developing Brain

________ primate cerebral cortex: connections are greater in number & two times as dense.

The process by which some cells in the ectoderm differentiate into nervous tissue cells when they receive certain signaling molecules.

The motion of the electrical signal when it jumps from one node to another.

________ happen through the growth of dendrites and axons.

The process by which neurons move to their proper positions in the brain.

________ aid in the guidance mechanism for neurons & provide scaffolding for ushering neurons to their destination.

Where axons make connections with other cells once they reach their target.

________ or deprivation of input occurring at specific stages of postnatal life can reshape the underlying circuit development.

________ can learn languages /develop musical ability better than adults.

The outermost layer of cells in an embryo.

The middle layer of cells in an embryo.

________ occurs when the neuron loses a battle with other neurons to receive trophic factors.

________ are characterized by high learning rates.

________ from social deprivation, brain damage, and stroke is the greatest in early life.

The innermost layer of cells in an embryo.

________ move from the tubes inner to outer surface.

Wrapping around axons by extensions of glial cells.

________ are actively involved in process of initiating contact with axons & recruiting proteins to the postsynaptic side of synapse.

The ability of brain to modify itself and adapt to challenges of environment.

The ________ is pared back to create a more efficient system.

Neurons that communicate with other neurons.

The rapid reproduction of cells in an organism.

The developing ________ must get sensory, movement, or emotional input to mature properly in postnatal life.

A specific signaling molecule secreted by mesodermal tissue lying beneath the future spinal cord.

Signaling molecules begin the ________.

The binding of signaling molecules with receptors tells the ________ whether to move forward, stop, recoil, or change direction.

________ produced in limited quantities by target tissues.

Small neurons with short pathways usually found in CNS.

________ is actually caused by loss of functional connections between eye and neurons in visual cortex.

________ guide axons around spinal cord.

The ________ to the sonic hedgehog secretion site determines what organ they will be.

Programmed cell death.

The process by which newly formed neurons travel to their final destination.

At the ________, the electric signal from the axon is transmitted by neurotransmitters to dendrites of other neuron.

________ is not unique to humans.

Enlargements on an axons tip that actively explore the environment as they seek out their precise destination.

molecules that "turn on" and "turn off" genes

The rapid reproduction of cells in an organism

The process by which newly formed neurons travel to their final destination

The innermost layer of cells in an embryo

The outermost layer of cells in an embryo

The middle layer of cells in an embryo

The process by which some cells in the ectoderm differentiate into nervous tissue cells when they receive

A specific signaling molecule secreted by mesodermal tissue lying beneath the future spinal cord

Neurons that communicate with other neurons

The process by which neurons move to their proper positions in the brain

Small neurons with short pathways usually found in the CNS

the reaction to listening to voices, toy responses, and even the temperature in the room can lead to more connections in neurons

Enlargements on an axon's tip that actively explore their environment as they seek out their precise destination

Where axons make connections with other cells once they reach their target

Wrapping around axons by extensions of glial cells

Gaps between sections of myelin

The motion of the electrical signal when it jumps from one node to another

Programmed cell death

Nerve growth factor is important for sensory neurons

projections from 2 eyes to brain overlap and then sort to their own territories for each eye

connections are greater in number & two times as dense

judgment, insight, impulse control

The ability of brain to modify itself and adapt to challenges of environment

Developing functions to prepare for the experience to come

Developing the function after the experience has happened