APUSH Period 2

Glory, God (spreading Christianity, religious freedom), and Gold (wealth and resources)

A joint-stock company focused on settling and developing companies that founded Jamestown

The first permanent English Settlement in North America

Attempted to settle in North America (first time for the English) with a settlement on Roanoke Island, but the colony disappeared and is known as the Lost Colony

People who could come to America for free to serve/work for 5-7 years in exchange for land and freedom

Pioneered tobacco which became the main export of Virginia

50 acres of land to any colonist who pays for his own or another’s passage, made to attract new settlers to the region

First elected assembly in colonial America, limited to White men who owned property

War 1: John Smith leaves and the colony goes into the “starvation period”

War 2: Surprise attack from Powhatans

War 3: IMPACT - Treaty is signed that limits the power of Natives and forces them out of New England

A proprietary colony owned by Lord Baltimore, feudal, aimed for peace between Catholic and Protestants

Proprietary colony, created the Fundamental Orders which was the first written Constitution in the US

Owned by Lord Baltimore, tried to bring religious tolerance but there was tension between Protestants and Catholics

Created to protect the religious freedom of most Christians

Originally part of the Dutch Empire as New Netherland, but England took it after the war. The Dutch remained on peaceful terms

Given to William Penn, a Quaker

• Liberal policies toward religious freedom and civil liberty

• Many people were attracted to this, making it one of the fastest growing colonies

• Tried out peace with the Natives

North - Settled by Virginians, similar to VA

South - Barbados copy, began the slave era

Created by James Oglethorpe, a buffer colony from the Spanish, alternative to a debtors’ prison, originally banned slavery

One of the earliest conflicts between English settlers and Native Americans, earliest example of the Natives being granted reservation land

When the pequots resisted English intervention and attacked them, the English committed genocide

Iroquois (English) vs. Algonquin (French) fought over beaver fur, connecting to the French and Indian war

Colonists were trying to convert Natives to Christianity, so Metacom attacked the English. This marked the end of a formidable Native American presence

Pope and the Pueblo people led a revolt against the Spanish, successfully driving the Spanish out of the area

Period before the French and Indian War, Britain did not interfere with colonial affairs and the colonies were self-governed

Colonies were important to empires since then they could keep aa favorable balance of trade (+specie was the hard currency such as gold coins)

Put into place so that nobody could compete with English goods

• Established English control over colonial commerce

• BUT colonists would still smuggle goods and commit tax evasion

• No protest since they were still dependent on England

Backcountry farmers want to attack the Native Americans, but the governor, William Berkeley, doesn’t let them. So, they burn Jamestown

• First populist uprising in the colonies

• Led people to drift away from indentured servants and turn towards enslavement

A slave rebellion in South Carolina, but they fled to Florida and got captured

• Led to more restrictive laws on enslaved people to be passed

• Autocratic control from England

• Weakened Puritan supremacy

• War between Britain and French + Natives on the Canadian Border

• The Puritan Religion was weakening

Less people want to be baptized, so all children whose parents were baptized can be baptized

• BUT, if you hadn’t experienced God’s Grace, you couldn’t vote

A wave of religious revivalism, countering the Enlightenment

• Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, fear Hell

• George Whitefield, Emotional preaching

Rational thinking + skepticism > blind religious trust

• Ben Franklin - One of the leaders of this movement in the colonies, published Poor Richard’s Almanack

• BOTH movements caused people to be more skeptical of authority

NE: Focused on trade, substinance farmers, Puritans, loved their religion

Middle: The “bread colonies”

Chesapeake: Slavery, tobacco, grain, combination of Middle and South

Deep South: Cash crops, slavery

• Led by Benjamin Franklin

• Intercolonial government and tax system

• Rejected since the colonies wanted to tax themselves

• JOIN OR DIE