The Ultimate AP Stats Review 😍

Categorical (categories) Data, answering as a category.

Pie charts, mosaic plots, bar graphs

Numerical Data, answering as a number.

Questions such as: What is your height?

Shape - Symmetric or skewed (to left or right), unimodal or bimodal.

Outliers - Extreme values (1.5 times IQR), data is always skewed TOWARDS outliers.

Center - for skewed data: median (resistant to outliers and change) for symmetric data: mean (use when possible, nicer to work with).

Spread - Median, range (max-min), IQR, mean, standard deviation.

Normally distributed data follows the 68, 95, 99.7 rule:

68% of data is within 1 sd of the mean.

95% of data is within 2 sd of the mean.

99.7% of data is within 3 sd of the mean.

The number of standard deviations above or below the mean of a specific value.

Formula: Z score = (x-μ)/σ

Percent (%) of data at OR below a certain value. (include the value in the calculation)

For every increase of 1 (x units) the predicted (y units) will increase/decrease by (slope in units)

at/when (x variable) is 0, the predicted (y variable) is (y-intercept, units)

r is the correlation coefficient which is the strength of the relationship

Negative value: negative correlation

Positive value: positive correlation

Close to 1 or -1: Strong relationship (with 1 or -1 being perfect)

0.3 to 0.7 or -0.3 to -0.7: Moderate relationship

Close to 0: Weak relationship

Calculator Command: Make sure stat diagnostics are on (mode>stat diagnostics on) THEN go to stats>calc>8

The difference between the actual value and the predicted value

Formula: y - ŷ

Definition: Coefficient of determination

Interpretation: __% of the (y variable in context) can be explained by variation in the (x variable in context)