Ch. 8 + 9

patent

• gives an inventor the sole legal right to invention and its profits for certain period of time.

Factory System

Launched by Lowell’s mill, a system that brought manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency

Who started use of interchangeable parts?

Inventor Eli Whitney started use of interchangeable parts.

Interchangeable parts

identical machine parts that could be put together quickly to make a complete product.____

Samuel Slater

• worked in Arkwritis Mill in Great Britain, then came to America and duplicated all the inventions during industrial rev.

• Operated (1st) cotton mill Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

Why was the North or specifically New England good for the Industrial Rev?

Good for factories: New England had many rushing rivers and streams. Provided the water power necessary to run machinery in the new factories.

Francis Cabot Lowell

• Opened textile plant/mill in Waltham MA.

• Lowell’s mill launched/invented the factory system ( huge part of rev. )

• One who hired women to work in his factories (reason he is popular significant and known)

What region did the Industrial Revolution originate from in the US?

• started in Northeast states, specifically in Rhode Island.

Why was the North the point of origin for the Indust Rev.?

New England and the other northern states provided much of the necessary requirements.

• close to resources (water power) and ports

• also a larger population

What is a textile mill?

created by Francis Cabot Lowell, a machine where all the stages of cloth making were all preformed under one roof.

What was city life in the North during the early 1800s?

• City life was entirely based on the new industrial expansion, and waterpower. (how machines were powered)

• cities in terrible condition , prone to disease, no sewers , unpaved roads - fire and sparks another threat as well

• offered a variety of jobs and steady wages, and new buildings were added that were unavailable in the countryside. (EQAUL TO rapidddd population)

• lots of child labor, capitalism , free enterprise

Census

official count of the population

turnpike

a road that one must pay to use; the money is used to pay for the road.

who Robert Fulton (on test dalia)

• hired for the invention and to develop a steamboat with a powerful engine.

Describe the US population growth according to the census (ON TEST HIGHLIGHT is answer)

DOUBLED

What were turnpike fees used for?

• fees travelers paid to use roads, which help payed for construction.(built by private companies)

Explain the significance of the invention of the steamboat.

• shipping goods became cheaper and faster

What was the first canal in the U.S?

Eerie Canal

Why was the Eerie Canal such a significant achievement?

• CONNECTED EAST & MIDWEST

• ALSO IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: also led to an explosion in canal building.

Trade Union

organazations of workers with the same trade or skill

Strike

Refusing to work to put pressure on employers.

Discrimination

unfair treatment of a group

• remained in Northern States, often African Americans forced into segregation

Famine

• extreme shortage of food

What is a Nativist?

• strongly opposed to immigration

• not sure if important so don’t memorize too in depth: believed immigration threatened the future of “native” American born citizens.

Describe the challenges faced by African American in the North.

Answer is Widespread Discrimination

Why were labor unions formed in the mid 1800s? 3 main reasons

( i think it was all above on the test not sure)

• better pay

• shorter hours

• better conditions

Why did so many Irish immigrate to the US during the mid 1800s?

brought on by the Great Irish Famine

ALL ABOVE ON THE TEST !ST QUESTION

When immigrants moved to the U.S they usually stayed together in what types of neighborhoods?

usually stayed in Ethnic Communities or Neighborhoods. (ON TEST)

What increased church pop?

2nd GREAT AWAKENING

temperance

drinking little or no alcohol

Temperance crusaders used rallies to show danger of alcohol

(ON TEST MEMORIZE)

who were the leading three transcendentalists?

• Henry David Thoreau

• Ralph Waldo Emerson

• Margaret Fuller

Dorothea Dix

LAst one about education on prisoners

on test:

3 changes or reforms that occured in education during the early-mid 1800s.

• teachers should be trained

• schools should be free and supported by taxes

• North thought children should be forced to go

• An increase in teaching people w/ disabilities.

ALL ABOVE ON THE TEST I THINK

Suffrage

the right to vote

coeducation

the teaching of boys and girls together

Explain some gains made by the women’s movement in the mid 1800s.

• allowed custody to pay and own properties

• not full voting rights but for some states white women to vote

• opportunists for education (ON TEST)

Cotton Gin

• depended on slave labor to plant and pick the cotton

• Machine that removed seeds from cotton making more efficient

Eli Whitney

• inventor of cotton gin

• started use of interchangeable parts

(also ig father of mass production method)

Explain “Cotton is King”

• crop fueled the southern economy, and ran both north and south economy

How did the invention of the cotton gin affect the the economy in the south?

• Value of enslaved people increased more demand of workers (important)

Describe industry in the South

… was limited (ANSWER yah)

Yeomen

farmers w/ no slaves

grew crops themselves

Tenant Farmer

(B ON THE TEST) (SECOND ONE ABOUT WHITE PERSONS)

People who rented land to farm/work on

Overseer

A plantation manager ….. - forgot if on test

Who made of the largest group in the South?

Yeomen - non slave owners

Who was the most influential group in the Southern Society?

Plantation owners

Describe the growth of cities in the South vs North

Cities in South = much slower pace of growth and had lower population

SOUTH EQUAL LESS ALWAYS= ok on test

Describe the importance of education in the South vs. North

• South believed you shouldn’t spend money on it and not important, especially for yeomen.

• more imporant in North

Spiritual

African American religious folk song

• provided way for to secretly communicate

Slave codes

• laws that controlled enslaved people ON THE TEST

• made life more severe and restricted freedom

What were slave codes meant to do?

• written to prevent slave rebellion

• prohibited slaves from getting in large groups and leaving masters prop. without pass

• few legal rights

Why was Christianity important for African Americans?

• Provided hope

Nat Turner

revolted against slavery, ANSWER

Harriet Tubman

• Created and led Underground railroad

  (on test )

Frederick Douglass

Freed Slave