Object-Oriented Concepts, Classes, Inheritance, Polymorphism

OOP is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions.

Encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.

A class is a blueprint for creating objects.

An object is an instance of a class.

The properties of a class are the variables that define the object's state.

The methods of a class are the functions that define the object's behavior.

Encapsulation is the practice of hiding the internal details of an object from the outside world.

Encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers such as public, private, and protected.

Abstraction is the practice of simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts.

Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces.

Inheritance is the process by which one class inherits the properties and methods of another class.

A base class is the class that is being inherited from.

A derived class is the class that is inheriting.

Single inheritance, multiple inheritance, and hierarchical inheritance.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.

Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

Method overriding is the process of replacing a method in the base class with a new implementation in the derived class.

Method overloading is the process of creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

Virtual functions are functions that are declared in a base class and can be overridden in a derived class.

Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and contain one or more abstract methods.

Interfaces are similar to abstract classes but they only contain abstract methods and no implementation.

A constructor is a special method that is called when an object is created.

The purpose of a constructor is to initialize the object's state.

A destructor is a special method that is called when an object is destroyed.

The purpose of a destructor is to free up any resources that the object was using.

A static method is a method that belongs to the class and not to any instance of the class.

The purpose of a static method is to perform a task that is not dependent on any particular instance of the class.

A static variable is a variable that belongs to the class and not to any instance of the class.

The purpose of a static variable is to share data across all instances of the class.

A constructor is a special method that is called when an object is created from a class. It is used to initialize the object's properties and set their initial values.

An access modifier is a keyword that determines the level of access to a class member (property or method). There are three types of access modifiers in C#: public, private, and protected.

A public access modifier allows the member to be accessed from anywhere, while a private access modifier restricts the member to be accessed only within the class.

A derived class is a class that inherits properties and methods from a parent (base) class. It adds its own properties and methods, and may override some of the inherited methods.

Multiple inheritance is a feature of some programming languages, such as C++, where a derived class can inherit properties and methods from multiple base classes.

Method overloading is when multiple methods with the same name but different parameters are defined in a class. The correct method to use is chosen based on the arguments used when calling the method.

Method overriding is when a derived class provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in the base class. The method in the derived class has the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the base class.

A virtual function is a method in a base class that can be overridden by a method in a derived class. It allows the correct method to be called at runtime based on the type of the object.

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and is used as a base class for other classes. It can define abstract methods, which must be implemented by its derived classes.

An interface is a blueprint for a set of methods and properties that a class must implement. It defines the contract that a class must adhere to in order to be used in a certain way.

An abstract class can have method implementations, while an interface can only define method signatures. A class can inherit from only one abstract class, but can implement multiple interfaces.

A final method is a method in a class that cannot be overridden by any subclass. Once a method is marked as final, it cannot be modified by any subclass. This is useful when the behavior of a method is critical and should not be changed, or when a method is intended to be used as is, without modification.