Science exam Year 8

the action of breathing

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

the breaking down of food into small molecules which are then absorbed into the body

Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

The process of an organism generates and offspring to continue the existence of the species

reproduction from solely a single organism

reproduction using the union of male and female reproductive cells (gametes)

the process of fusion of the female gamete, the ovum or egg and the male gamete produced in the pollen tube by the pollen grain.

The process of getting pollen from the anther to the stigma

A gamete is a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

the male reproductive cell; the male gamete

structure: the tail, which propels the sperm to the egg and helps it to burrow through the egg coat function: to enable sexual reproduction through its union with the female egg during fertilization

the female reproductive cell, or gamete

structure: function: connect with the male sperm cell in order to become fertilised and produce offspring

carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. have a flat disk shaper, which creates increased surface area to carry more oxygen

function: detect and deal with infections or foreign molecules that enter your body structure:

structure: Each strand is made up of sub-units called "sarcomeres." These sarcomeres contain the "contraction proteins” called actin and myosin function: Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement

The basic unit of communication in the nervous system structure: one elongated extension (axon) for sending impulses and usually many branches (dendrites) function: receiving impulses

structure: regulating the opening and closure of stomatal pores function: airs of epidermal cells that control gas diffusion by regulating the opening and closure of stomatal pores

To carry air in and out of your lungs

Your bronchi carry air to and from your lungs

The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out

Oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream. At the same time carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs.

The male reproductive part of the flower (anther and filament)

protects the bud

receives the pollen from the visiting pollinators

supports the anther

leads the pollen down to the ovary

The female reproductive part of the flower (stigma and style, ovary)

Bright and colourful to attract pollinators

to prepare ovules for fertilization

Creates pollen

A basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

A group of cells that work together to perform a task.

Two or more tissues working together to perform a task.

Organ that work together to perform a task.

a living thing

The command center of cells. it contains our chromosomes and genetic information needed for the reproduction of life. (DNA)

Works closely with ribosomes to produce and deliver important cell products.

a very thin layer, composed of lipids and protein, that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and controls the passage of substance into and out of the cell

The powerhouse of the cell - it takes the food we eat and converts it to energy for cell activities.

specialised structured within a living cell.

Used to store different substances. Are larger in plants than animals

makes proteins

packages products to deliver to the cell.

surrounds and protects the nucleus

it is responsible for making ribosomes and it is found inside the nucleus

The outermost layer of cells in plants, that gives shape to thee cell and protects it from infections.

The jellylike material that makes up much of a cell inside the cell membrane

Used to describe the liquid within Cytoplasm and all the organelles suspended within it.

contains pigment (chlorophyll) that allows the plant to photosynthesise

Plant cells

• have a cell wall,

• contain chlorophyll

• have large vacuoles

cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism

A group of organs which work together to covert food into energy

mouth -> oesophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine -> rectum -> anus (gum to bum)

allows us to breath they bring oxygen into our bodies and send carbon dioxide out

Nasal passage -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli

the muscles in our esophagus constrict and relax, which is called peristalsis and pushes food along the esophagus and into the stomach

The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from and towards the heart.

Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs.

To generate offspring's to continue the existence of a species

1. All organisms are made of cells.

2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

3. The cell is the most basic unit of life.