Science

Element

the simplest form of matter

atom

the smallest piece of an element that keeps the chemical identity of that element

compound

a substance that contains 2 or more different elements that are chemically joined

molecule

a group of 2 or more atoms joined together chemically

mixture

many substances that you encounter

chemical reaction

a process that rearranges the atoms of one or more substances into one or more substances

reactants

atoms of substances used to combine one or more to create a new substances

products

the result of a new substance made by combining one or more atoms of substances

solvents

a substance that is capable of dissolving an other substance

solution

when a solvent (water) has one or more substances dissolved in it

specific heat

the amount of heat needed to raise 1ml of water by 1 degreees c

carbohyydrates

energy rich compounds such as sugars and starches made from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

glucose

a simple sugar made of 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen and 6 oxygen atoms.

lipids

made from carbon, hydrogen, and o2 energy rich. ex: fats and oils

proteins

complex molecules made from smaller molecules called amino acids Ex: meats are high in protein

hibernate

sleep through winter

amino acids

protein molecules are made of amino acids, and our cells combine them to make different protiens (building blocks of proteins

nucleaic acids

molecules that contain info needed for making protein

DNA

a nucleaic acid that contains info cells needed to make all of their proteins

biosphere

earths life supporting layer of land, water, and air

ecosystem

a group of living things and their physical surroundings

habitat

a place where an organism lives

abiotic factors

the non living parts of an ecosystem including temperature, precipitation, sunlight, soil type, oxygen, and carbondioxide

pH

a measure of chemicals called acids and bases in water

dissolved oxygen

the oxygen availiable to living things in water

a- or an-

not, without, lacking, defficient

bio

life, living

chem-

dealing with chemicals

co-

with, together

-cul- or -cule

small, dimunutive

dis-

apart, out

eco-

house

-escent

becomming

gluc- glyc-

sweet, sugar

hibern-

winter

lip-

fat

-lumin

light

mole-

mass

nuc-

center

re-

again back

solv-

loosen, free

-sphere-

ball, round

What did Stanley Miller try to do? tried to find a recipie for life

What did Stanley Miller try to do?

chemistry is the building blocks of learning biology

How does chemistry relate to biology?

the simplest form of of matter. Sulfate, Nitrogen

What is an element? Give me an example of a element.

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

What are the three most abundant elements in our bodies?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Which elements are most abundant in the atmosphere?

the smallest particle of an element that keeps the chemical identity of that element: Carbon

Define and give an example of an atom.

a substance that has two or more different elements that are chemically joined together: water

Define and give an example of a compound.

a group of two atoms joined together chemically

What is a molecule?

a combination from elements and compunds, they aren't joined together chemically and dont have a chemical formula

What is a mixture? How is it different from an element and a compound?

a process that rearranges the atoms of one or more substances

What is a chemical reaction?

a plant storing energy

Give an example of a chemical reaction.

What are reactants?

2 hydrogen molecules + 1 oxygen molecule

2 water molecules + energy

What are products?

Photosynthesis is to store energy from the sun and convert it into food

What is photosynthesis?

Its a good solvent, it exists at a large range of temperatures, It has a high specific heat.

What are the three most important properties of water?

a substance that is capeable of dissolving another substance

What is a solvent?

Fahrenheit- 32 freeze, 212 boil

Celsius- 0 freeze, 100 boil

What are the boiling and freezing points of water - in Celsius and Fahrenheit?

by adding salt

Can you change the boiling and freezing points of water? How?

the amount of heat needed to raise one ml of water by one degrees celsius

What is specific heat?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

What are the four groups of carbon compounds in living things?

they are energy rich compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ex

Tell me about carbs:

energy rich compounds made of carbon, hyrdrogen, and oxygen ex: fats, oils, waxes

Tell me about lipids:

very large molecules made of carbon hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Many animal parts like hair, fingernails, muscle, and skin contain proteins

Tell me about proteins:

compounds made of long repeating chains called nucleotides. Made from carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosophorus

Tell me about nucleic acids:

it is a molecule that contains "recipes" for all of the protiens we are made of

What is DNA, and why is it called "the blueprint of life?"

earths life supporting layer of land, water, and air

What is the biosphere?

plantae

Which Kingdom uses photosynthesis as its primary source of energy?

yes

Is photosynthesis a chemical reaction?

a made up group of living things and their physical surroundings

What is an ecosystem?

no only living things

Does an ecosystem contain living and non-living things?

a forest, oceans, deserts

What are some examples of ecosystems?

a place where a particular type of organism lives

What is a habitat?

it its more specific. a habitat is where a organism lives within a ecosystem

How is a habitat different from an ecosystem?

sunlight, temperature, precipitation, type of soil, oxygen, and other elements and chemicals

What kinds of variables/factors can influence habitats?

sunlight- cold blooded animals wont get warmth

temperature- because it can get cold

precipitation- most plants need water

type of soil- you can predict where organisms live based on soil

oxygen- most things need oxygen to live

other elements and chemicals- they pollute stuff!

What are five important variables that affect life on land? Explain each of them

water without salt

What is freshwater?

lakes, rivers

Where is freshwater found?

No because only 0.01% of water on earths surface is freshwater

Is freshwater the most abundant form of water on planet Earth?

Salt water because it makes up 96% of the water on earths surface.

If freshwater isn't the most abundant form of water on earth, what is the most abundant form of water on planet earth and how do the quantities differ from each other?

They are very similar but a few are different, such as the type of seidment, and the dissolved oxygen instead of oxygen and type of soil.

What factors or variables affect freshwater habitats? Are they the same as the variables that affect land habitats? Explain.

35

What is the average salt concentration in ocean water (in ppt)?

Starlight Zone: 0-200m

Twighlight Zone: 200-1,000m

Dark Zone: 1,000-10,000m

What is the depth in each of the zones in the ocean?

Starlight Zone- Most Light

Twighlight Zone- Some Light

Dark Zone- No light

What is the sunlight in each of the zones in the ocean?

Starlight Zone- 0-25 degrees c

Twighlight Zone- 4-25 degrees c

Dark Zone- 4 degrees c

What is the average temperature in each of the zones in the ocean?

Starlight Zone- Light

Twighlight Zone- Medium

Dark Zone- High

What is the pressure in each of the zones in the ocean?

Starlight Zone- Dolphins

Twighlight Zone- Squid

Dark Zone- Jellyfish

What are some of the organisms in each of the zones in the ocean?