P - S2023 - Newton's Laws

contact force

a push or pull on an object by another object that is touching it

force

a push or a pull on an object

friction

force that resists the motion of two surfaces that are touching

gravity

attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass

mass

amount of matter in an object

noncontact force

a force one object can apply to another object without touching it; e.g. the force of gravity and the electric and magnetic forces

static friction

opposes motion; prevents surfaces from sliding past each other; increases as applied force increases

sliding/kinetic friction

opposes motion between sliding surfaces; does not increase, so increasing the applied force makes objects slide faster

fluid friction

occurs between a surface and materials like water and air; can result in air resistance

weight

gravitational force exerted on an object

balanced forces

combined forces form a net force of zero

inertia

tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion

net force

combination of all the forces acting on an object

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force; also known as the Law of Inertia

reference direction

measured from a starting point to describe an object's position

unbalanced forces

combined forces that form a net force that is not zero

centripetal force

a force in circular motion that acts perpendicular to the direction of motion toward the center of the circle

circular motion

any motion in which an object is moving along a curved path

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

acceleration is equal to the net force exerted on the object divided by the object's mass

velocity formula

distance/time

acceleration formula

(final velocity-initial velocity)/time

acceleration units

m/s^2

Formula for Weight

W=mg

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion formula

F=ma or a=F/m

force pair

forces that two objects apply to each other

Law of Conservation of Momentum

total momentum of a group of objects remains the same unless outside forces act on the objects

momentum

measure of how hard it is to stop a moving object

momentum formula

p=mv

momentum units

(kg)m/s

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newton

unit of force

1N =

1 kg*m/s^2

The Universal Law of Gravitation

all objects are attracted to each other by a gravitational force; the strength of the force depends on the mass of each object and the distance between them

elastic collision

colliding objects bounce off each other