Studied by 4 peopleThomas Hobbes
★ Wrote Leviathan English Civil War, bad times People are born evil, government to protect us (Social Contract) Absolute Monarchy
John Locke
★ Wrote Two Treatises on Government
Wrote during Glorious Revolution, good times People are born good
Natural Rights/Laws
John Locke
Life, Liberty, Property
Right to overthrow oppressive government
Power to govern from consent of governed
Baron de Montesquieu
★ Checks and balances
Voltaire
★ Wrote Candide
Free speech
Free religion/toleration
Bill of Rights
Denis Diderot
Wrote Encyclopedia
Importance of education and knowledge
Mary Wollstonecraft
★ Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women Wrote during French Revolution
Women's Rights
Jean Jacques Rousseau
★ Remake of Social Contract
Society turns people evil, people need to do good (General Will)
False Desires, less morality
Adam Smith
Wrote Wealth of Nations
Capitalism
Laissez-Faire economics, response to mercantilism Invisible Hand (greed) fixes market
Henri de Saint-Simon
★ Utopian socialist
Businesses work with government for works useful to society
Charles Fourier
Utopian socialist
Wanted good working conditions
Feminist
Robert Owen
★ Utopian socialist
Scotland and New Harmony, Indiana
Built communities with public works, socialist principles
Karl Marx
Communism, Marxism
Wrote Communist Manifesto
Equality
No private property
Theodor Herzl
★ Zionism
Austro-Hungarian Jew
Dreyfus Affair response
Edmund Burke
★ A conservative leader 1790,
Published Reforms on The Revolution in France
Greatest intellectual defenses of European conservatism.
Defended inherited privileges
Glorified unrepresentative Parliament
Predicted reform would lead to much chaos/tyranny.
Note
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