Chapter Ten: Helping Others

helping someone else can be in your best interests because it increases the likelihood that you will be helped in return

understanding or vicariously experiencing another individuals perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual

using the power of imagination to try to see the world through someone elses eyes

involves other-oriented feelings

thoughtful helping in the face of potentially enormous costs

people may become so used to seeing people lying or sidewalks or hearing screams that they begin to tune them out

motivator when people desire to make the world a better place

a value that emphasizes care for the welfare of other others, whether close or distant, and disengagement from selfish concerns

people give help with the expectation of receiving comparable benefits in return

people feel responsibility for each others needs and are more likely to help, and are less likely to be concerned with keeping track of rewards and costs, than people in an exchange relationship are

people consistently show greater empathy for the needs and suffering of ingroup members than outgroup members

a strong sense of "oneness" and shared identity with a group and its individual members

if someone has helped us, we should help them in return

when people are in a situation in which they feel over-benefited, they should help those who are under-benefited

they received more benefits than they earned

they receive fewer benefits than they earned

people should help those who need assistance

support that comes from just thinking about close others but that doesnt involve actually seeking or receiving their help in coping with stressful events

True

False

True

False

True

True

Actions intended to benefit others.

Preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive.

A kind of reciprocal altruism in which an individual who helps someone becomes more likely to receive help from someone else

The proposition that people help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness.

Motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare.

Motivated by the desire to improve one’s own welfare.

The proposition that empathic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping.

The effect whereby the presence of others inhibits helping.

The state in which people in a group mistakenly think that their own individual thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are different from those of the others in the group.

Reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers.

The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need.

Altruistic kinds of behavior that result from pressure from peers or other sources of direct social influence.

A general rule of conduct reflecting standards of social approval and disapproval.