Lesson 25 Section 3 Quiz

How did fascism originate?

From Mussolini and his political party in Italy that then became the whole country’s political stance when Mussolini came into control (There was like nothing of note on it in Germany so shrugs)

What is corporatISM?

A society is organized into corporations that work to serve the political sphere and control people

What is free-market capitalISM?

An economic system where factors of production have little to no government intervention and is instead controlled privately.

What is mercantilISM?

An economic theory where the government should control the economy and to increase wealth they should sell more than they buy from other countries.

What is socialISM?

A political theory where the means of production should be controlled by the common people and that there should be equality among people and should share things equally.

What type of government was forming after WW1?

They were moving towards a democratic one and formed a very democratic constitution.

What was the new government like?

They would elect a president, women could vote, and everyone had the right to spread their views, even anti-democracy people.

What was the new government called?

The Weimar government

Where was the government located?

At first in Weimar in 1919 then in Berlin after they moved in 1920.

What did the Treaty of Versailles do?

It took territory from Germany, forced Germany to sign a “war guilt” clause, in which Germany had to accept responsibility for starting the war, and required Germany to pay billions of dollars in reparations for the harm the war had caused.

Why did many Germans believe that the Weimar government was illegitimate?

Due to the fact that they signed the Treaty of Versailles as this then led to people questioning if the Weimar government was why they were defeated (saw those who signed it or wanted to sign it as traitors).

What was German society like after WW1?

It was not doing well, not only due to the reparations they needed to pay. There were food shortages and unemployment at high rates while strikes, violence and threats of revolution, and even organized armed groups were formed. One of the groups even did a coup d'état briefly.

What happened in June 1920 regarding the Weimar government and Reichstag?

The Weimar Republic lost their majority and instead over a fourth of the new elected members wanted to get rid of the constitution.

What was the impact of the June 1920 election?

No group held a majority of the seats in the Reichstag again and instead a series of unstable political coalitions attempted to rule. More than a dozen coalition governments were formed by 1930. However, none of them were able to take effective action on major problems.

What did the Weimar government do to deal with Germany's war debt? How did that impact the economy?

Print huge amounts of paper money. This caused the German mark to lose its value at extremely high rates and people needed to use tons of marks for daily purchases.

Why was German society radicalized?

Due to inflation causing massive damages and people becoming inspired to become radicalized to try and fix things.

What is Hitler’s background?

He volunteered to join the war but was injured in 1918 and was in the hospital when Germany surrendered so he became disappointed and enraged over the war’s outcome. He viewed the German leaders who signed the surrender and the Treaty of Versailles as criminals. After returning in 1919, he soon joined the small, right-wing German Workers’ Party, which had been founded in the city earlier that year.

What was the name of the Worker’s Party that Hitler joined later on?

The National Socialist German Workers’ Party or the Nazi Party.

Where did the Nazi name come from?

he word Nazi was derived from the German words for National Socialist, National-Sozialistische.

How did Hitler increase the Nazi party so much and what was the result of it?

In Munich, there were many unhappy war veterans and people who opposed the Weimar Republic and out of 30,000 Freikorps Hitler brought many into the Political Party. Due to his large contribution, they made him their leader in 1921.

What was one of the first things he did once he came into power?

He formed the Freikorps members into a private army called the SA, from the German term Sturmabteilung, which means “Assault Division.” They were also called Sturmtruppen, “Storm Troopers,” or Braunhemden, “Brownshirts,” for the uniform they wore. As for their jobs, they provided security at rallies, marched in parades, and terrorized communists and other enemies of the party.

What was the 25 point platform Hitler created once he came into power?

It was declaration that called for Germany’s rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and the expansion of German territory to include all German-speaking peoples. IT also included other things like the denial of citizenship and political power to those who the Nazis did not consider ethnically German—especially Jews.

How did Hitler feel about non jews and the Weimar government?

Hitler proclaimed that Germans were superior to all other people and that Germany’s problems were the fault of its two greatest enemies: communists and Jews. He condemned the Weimar government for failing to solve Germany’s problems.

How did Hitler appeal to the people of Germany,

He promised to restore Germany to greatness by creating a Third Reich—a third German Empire to replace the one stripped by the Allies.

Who did Hitler attract to the Nazi party?

Unemployed ex-soldiers, small farmers, and members of the lower middle class

What happened in November 1923?

When the Nazi party had 55,000 members Hitler decided to take action and sent the Brownshirts and other supporters to seize control of the state government

Why did the coup fail?

He thought others who hated the Weimar government would support them but they didn’t and the coup failed following a gun battle with police and Hitler was arrested and jailed for nine months.

What was Mein Kampf?

Also called “My Struggle,” it was a book that outlined his plans to restore Germany to greatness and also his intensely anti-Semitic views.

When did he out of prison and what’d he do when he got out?

He got out in 1924 and then worked to rebuild the Nazi Party through legal means such as through having a national party to get members to win in elections and also using propaganda. This helped them gain 100,000 members but only 12 Nazis got elected into a 463-person parliament.

How did the Great Depression affect Germany?

In 1929, the American loans Germany depended on stopped coming and unemployment rose from 8.5% to 30% in three years, industrial production was nearly halved, German exports fell by two-thirds, banks failed, credit dried up, and farmers went bankrupt, so food shortages started to reappear.

How did the Nazis use the Great Depression to their advantage?

The Nazis launched a propaganda campaign that appealed to unemployed workers, farmers, even some middle-class Germans, and young people eager to support the ideals of German nationalism. The Nazis said that the Treaty of Versailles, the Weimar government, communists, and Jews were responsible for the economic crisis. They promised to restore order, prosperity, and national pride to Germany and by the end of 1932, the party had more than 1.4 million members.

How were elections affected by the Great Depression?

The desperate voters became more willing to vote for Nazis and their extreme views. In 1930, the number of Nazis in Reichstag increased from 12 to 107, then in 1932 it raised up to 230. Then in January 1933 they were the largest party in Parliament and Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as the chancellor which is the top position in the cabinet.

What did Hitler do about Reichstag building fire?

He blamed it on the Communists and convinced the President Hindenburg to authorize the Brownshirts to crush them.

How did Hitler bring Germany under Nazi control and what did he do once in power?

To get in power, he convinced the Reichstag to pass a law that gave him control over emergency powers. Once he got this power, he banned all other political parties were banned, appointed Nazis to head all the governments (state and local), labor unions were dissolved, destroyed all possible rivals, even in the Nazi party, and replaced with Nazi organizations, and after Hindenburg died in August 1934, Hitler combined the offices of president and chancellor and took the title of Führer, “Leader.”

What happened on June 1934 and who did he make his private army?

On June 1934 he executed the head of the SA and other commanders in it. And later he turned the SS into his private army.

What were the SS’ jobs?

They were responsible for Germany’s internal security, some acted as police and rounded up people who the Nazis considered to be enemies of the state which included communists, socialists, Jews, and others.

Who were the Gestapo?

The Nazi secret police that used torture, terror, and other brutal methods to gain information.

How did Nazi control affect everyday life and how did Germans take it?

They started to take control over all aspects of German life and unemployment started to drop as more jobs in huge public-work projects and weapons factories. Most Germans accepted it or supported it as they were tired of the instability and unrest that characterized the Weimar Republic and instead welcomed the strong and seemingly effective government the Nazis provided. Many of the Germans who opposed Nazi rule fled the country while most of the rest were frightened into silence, hoping that Hitler would eventually be overthrown.

How did Hitler use his rising power to spread his antisemitism?

As soon as Hitler came into power, he started a campaign against Jews and after that, he passed laws that increasingly persecuted Jewish German citizens and stripped them of their rights and to also limit their ability to work.

What happened during Hitler’s initial campaign against the Jews?

It started with Brownshirt attacks on Jewish communities across Germany that weren’t stopped by the Police. Violence against Jewish businesses and their employees caused many of them to close down. SA and SS members put up signs warning the public not to enter stores owned by Jews. Eventually, all Jewish businesses had to display signs indicating their Jewish ownership.

How did Hitler limit Jews’ ability to work?

First n April 1933, all Jews in government jobs were forced to resign then later in January 1934, they were banned from working for any non-Jewish business. They were also banned from farming. Their land was seized and turned over to non-Jewish farmers. Limits were set on the number of Jews who could teach in schools or practice medicine or law. Jewish communities set up organizations to help the unemployed.

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

More than 400 laws, decrees, and regulations passed in 1935 that made Jewish persecution in Nazi Germany official and were designed to remove Jews from Germany’s political, economic, and cultural life. These laws, which were based on flawed, pseudoscientific theories about race, defined who would be considered a German citizen and stripped all Jews of their citizenship rights, including the right to hold a German passport and vote. They also made it illegal for German citizens to marry Jews.

What was Kristallnacht?

When persecution against Jews turned violent on November 9th and 10th in 1938. 267 synagogues were burned, almost 100 Jews were murdered, and Jewish properties were vandalized and destroyed. After this, around 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps.

How did Jews react to Hitler coming to power?

Thousands of Jews fled Germany after Hitler came to power, even though they were required to leave all of their money behind. Legal emigration stopped in October 1938 when all Jews were forced to turn in their passports.

When did Hitler’s plan to get rid of Jewish people start to come about?

It started due to the outbreak of World War ll in September 1939 which Hitler promised since early 1939.