history ch 9, ch 10, 12-3 vocab/important ppl or factions

the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

local rulers were left in palce but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity.

an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Invented the Maxim machine gun which was used by European powers to persuade countries to accept Western control.

A scholar and preacher that denounced the corruption of the local Hausa rulers. Called for social and religious reforms based on teh sharia, or Islamic law.

Traded with Europeans and Muslims. Their tributary states were willing to turn on them

A major force in southern Africa under the rule of Shaka.

Ruler of the Zulus. He waged relentless war and conquered nearby peoples. He encouraged rival groups to forget their differences, and cemented a growing pride

Descendants of the Dutch farmers that migrated north from the Cape Colony. Escaped British rule and didn't agree with the British laws

Colonies made by Britain and the United States where freed slaves could resettle

Set out to map the course and sources of African rivers.

"saw them as children in need of guidance" < from book, making decisions for other people rather than letting them take responsibility for their own lives

Explorer and missionary. For 30 years he crisscrossed Africa. He wrote about the people he met and was against the slave trade.

Trekked into Central AFrica to find Livingstone. Eventually he found Livingstone in Tanzania

The king of Belgium who hired Stanley to explore the Congo river basin to arrange trade treaties with African leaders

Involved bitter guerilla fighting. British won but at great cost

fought French forces in West Africa, where he was building an empire

Asante queen who led the fight against the British in the last Asante war.

Woman military leader of the Shona in Zimbabwe; Was executed, but inspired later generations

Were in wars with Germany. Lost thousands of people to starvation after Germans burned farmland

Modernized ethiopia. At Battle of Adowa he crushed the Italian invaders

upper class(Western-educated African elite during Imperialism)

Announced that he was the Mahdi in Sudan

The long awaited savior of the faith

An Islamic reform movement in Arabia. Rejected schools of theology and law that emerged in the Ottoman empire

provincial rulers that increased powers during the Ottoman decay

rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empire

A movement that insisted that reform was the only way to save the Ottoman empire. Overthrew the sultan

A deliberate attempt to destroy a racial, political, or cultural group

Were accused of supporting Russian plans against the Ottoman empire. 600k - 1.5 mill Armenians killed or died

An ambitious solder appointed ruler of Egypt by the Ottomans. "father of modern egypt"

French entrepreneur that organized a company to build the Suez canal.

rulers of Persia that exercised absolute power. Gov took some steps to introduce reforms

special rights given to foreign powers (given by Persia to European nations for the oil in their country)

A Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire (banned by British)

Indian soldiers in the East India Company's service

A british leader in India that governed in the name of the queen and Brits held top positions in the civil service and army

cutting of trees(done by the British in India)

A great scholar who knew Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, etc. Founder of Hindu College in Calcutta (english style education)

The isolation of women in separate quarters

The difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports

exporting more than importing

buying more(importing more) than exporting

British wanted free trade and wanted to continue selling Opium to the Chinese, despite the gov. banning it

payment for losses in the war

the right to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courts

Called for an end to the hated Qing dynasty. Won large parts of China and held out for 14 years.

Was the leader of the Taiping Rebellion

The empress who gained power post-Taiping Rebellion

Japanese pressure on China led to this and Japan crushed China which gave them control of Taiwan

A policy to keep Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal basis (made by Europeans)

launched the 100 days of reform and wanted to modernize various things about China

Goalw as to drive out foreign people and attacked them across the country

Organized the Revolutionary Alliance to rebuild China on "Three principles of the people"

Commodore who sailed into lower Tokyo Bay and carried a message from Millard Fillmore demanding Japan to open its ports to diplo and commercial exchange

The other name for Edo, the new location of the shogun's palace under Mutsuhito/Meiji

Meiji reformers determined to strengthen Japan. Studied Western ways and adapted them to Japanese needs.

a legislature made up of one elected house and one house appointed by the emperor

powerful banking and industrial families (ex. Kawasaki family)

its people shared a common culture and language

a state that is independent but acknowledges the supremacy of a stronger state.

Japan benefitted from modernization and won easily against China. Gained Taiwan

Power struggle for Korea and Manchuria. Japan defeated russia and first instance of an Asian country humbling a European power

A rallying symbol for Korean nationalists and was an uprising that resulted in the massacre of Koreans by the Japanese

The area containing Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. French control

King of Siam. Negotiated with Western powers and satisfied their goals in Siam thru unequal treaties. Escaped becoming a European colonyCh

Mongkut's son who worked with himt o reform gov, modernize army, etc.

Inspired Filipinos to work to gain better treatment from Spain

Broke out between Spain and US over Cuba's attempts at independence from Spain

Filipino nationalist leader angered by the US purchase of the Philipines

Hawaiian queen that had her land annexed by teh US because American sugar growers pressed for power

Led the revolt in Upper Canada

head of the French Canadian Reform party, revolt in Lower Canada

the unification of Britain's North American colonies.

urged confederation

a self governing nation (own parliament, some control over foreign policy, close ties with Britain)

led a revolt of the metis to resist westward expansion

claimed Australia for Britain

original people called the Aborigines.

a place where convicted criminals are sent to be punished

people of mixed Native American and French Canadian descent

the indigenous people of New Zealand that were being converted to Christianity

A turning point for many Indians. Convinced them that India needed to govern itself

banned public meetings in India following Indian riots and attacks

a middle-class Hindu who went to England to study law. Advocated against discrimination against Indians in South Africa.

nonviolence and reverence for all life. power of love

civil disobedience ideal; gandhi influenced by himci

the refusal to obey unjust laws

members of the lowest caste in India

the refusal to buy goods/partake in something

Gandhi and a bunch of Indians followed Gandhi in a trek to the ocean. He collected a piece of sea salt. Protested the British monopoly on salt and other goods. Encouraged Indians to sell salt anyway, ignoring British rules

Britain asked India to be part of WW2 and despite angry nationalists being jailed over noncooperation, many indians did help