history ch 9, ch 10, 12-3 vocab/important ppl or factions

Imperialism

the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region

protectorate

local rulers were left in palce but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity.

sphere of influence

an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Sir Hiram Maxim

Invented the Maxim machine gun which was used by European powers to persuade countries to accept Western control.

Usman dan Fodio

A scholar and preacher that denounced the corruption of the local Hausa rulers. Called for social and religious reforms based on teh sharia, or Islamic law.

Asante ppl/kingdom

Traded with Europeans and Muslims. Their tributary states were willing to turn on them

Zulus

A major force in southern Africa under the rule of Shaka.

Shaka

Ruler of the Zulus. He waged relentless war and conquered nearby peoples. He encouraged rival groups to forget their differences, and cemented a growing pride

Boers

Descendants of the Dutch farmers that migrated north from the Cape Colony. Escaped British rule and didn't agree with the British laws

Sierra Leone and Liberia

Colonies made by Britain and the United States where freed slaves could resettle

Mungo Park and Richard Burton

Set out to map the course and sources of African rivers.

paternalistic

"saw them as children in need of guidance" < from book, making decisions for other people rather than letting them take responsibility for their own lives

Dr. David Livingstone

Explorer and missionary. For 30 years he crisscrossed Africa. He wrote about the people he met and was against the slave trade.

Henry Stanley

Trekked into Central AFrica to find Livingstone. Eventually he found Livingstone in Tanzania

King Leopold II

The king of Belgium who hired Stanley to explore the Congo river basin to arrange trade treaties with African leaders

Boer War

Involved bitter guerilla fighting. British won but at great cost

Samori Touré

fought French forces in West Africa, where he was building an empire

Yaa Asantewaa

Asante queen who led the fight against the British in the last Asante war.

Nehanda

Woman military leader of the Shona in Zimbabwe; Was executed, but inspired later generations

Yao and Herero

Were in wars with Germany. Lost thousands of people to starvation after Germans burned farmland

Menelik II

Modernized ethiopia. At Battle of Adowa he crushed the Italian invaders

elite

upper class(Western-educated African elite during Imperialism)

Muhammad Ahmad

Announced that he was the Mahdi in Sudan

Mahdi

The long awaited savior of the faith

Wahhabi movement

An Islamic reform movement in Arabia. Rejected schools of theology and law that emerged in the Ottoman empire

pashas

provincial rulers that increased powers during the Ottoman decay

sultans

rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empire

Young Turks

A movement that insisted that reform was the only way to save the Ottoman empire. Overthrew the sultan

Genocide

A deliberate attempt to destroy a racial, political, or cultural group

Christian Armenians

Were accused of supporting Russian plans against the Ottoman empire. 600k - 1.5 mill Armenians killed or died

Muhammad Ali

An ambitious solder appointed ruler of Egypt by the Ottomans. "father of modern egypt"

Ferdinand de Lesseps

French entrepreneur that organized a company to build the Suez canal.

Qajar shahs

rulers of Persia that exercised absolute power. Gov took some steps to introduce reforms

concessions

special rights given to foreign powers (given by Persia to European nations for the oil in their country)

Sati

A Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire (banned by British)

sepoys

Indian soldiers in the East India Company's service

viceroy

A british leader in India that governed in the name of the queen and Brits held top positions in the civil service and army

deforestation

cutting of trees(done by the British in India)

Ram Mohum roy

A great scholar who knew Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, etc. Founder of Hindu College in Calcutta (english style education)

purdah

The isolation of women in separate quarters

balance of trade

The difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports

trade surplus

exporting more than importing

trade deficit

buying more(importing more) than exporting

Opium War

British wanted free trade and wanted to continue selling Opium to the Chinese, despite the gov. banning it

indemnity

payment for losses in the war

extraterritoriality

the right to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courts

Taiping Rebellion

Called for an end to the hated Qing dynasty. Won large parts of China and held out for 14 years.

Hong Xiuquan

Was the leader of the Taiping Rebellion

Ci Xi

The empress who gained power post-Taiping Rebellion

Sino-Japanese War

Japanese pressure on China led to this and Japan crushed China which gave them control of Taiwan

Open Door Policy

A policy to keep Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal basis (made by Europeans)

Guang Xu

launched the 100 days of reform and wanted to modernize various things about China

Boxer Uprising

Goalw as to drive out foreign people and attacked them across the country

Sun Yixian

Organized the Revolutionary Alliance to rebuild China on "Three principles of the people"

Matthew Perry

Commodore who sailed into lower Tokyo Bay and carried a message from Millard Fillmore demanding Japan to open its ports to diplo and commercial exchange

Tokyo

The other name for Edo, the new location of the shogun's palace under Mutsuhito/Meiji

Meiji Restoration

Meiji reformers determined to strengthen Japan. Studied Western ways and adapted them to Japanese needs.

Diet

a legislature made up of one elected house and one house appointed by the emperor

zaibatsu

powerful banking and industrial families (ex. Kawasaki family)

homogeneous society

its people shared a common culture and language

tributary state

a state that is independent but acknowledges the supremacy of a stronger state.

First Sino-Japanese War (the same as the other Sino-Japanese War card)

Japan benefitted from modernization and won easily against China. Gained Taiwan

Russo-Japanese WAr

Power struggle for Korea and Manchuria. Japan defeated russia and first instance of an Asian country humbling a European power

March First Movement

A rallying symbol for Korean nationalists and was an uprising that resulted in the massacre of Koreans by the Japanese

French Indochina

The area containing Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. French control

Mongkut

King of Siam. Negotiated with Western powers and satisfied their goals in Siam thru unequal treaties. Escaped becoming a European colonyCh

Chulalongkorn

Mongkut's son who worked with himt o reform gov, modernize army, etc.

Jose Rizal

Inspired Filipinos to work to gain better treatment from Spain

Spanish-American WAr

Broke out between Spain and US over Cuba's attempts at independence from Spain

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino nationalist leader angered by the US purchase of the Philipines

Liliuokalani

Hawaiian queen that had her land annexed by teh US because American sugar growers pressed for power

William Lyon Mackenzie

Led the revolt in Upper Canada

Louis Joseph Papineau

head of the French Canadian Reform party, revolt in Lower Canada

confederation

the unification of Britain's North American colonies.

John Macdonald and George Etienne Cartier

urged confederation

dominion

a self governing nation (own parliament, some control over foreign policy, close ties with Britain)

Louis Riel

led a revolt of the metis to resist westward expansion

Captain James Cook

claimed Australia for Britain

indigenous

original people called the Aborigines.

penal colony

a place where convicted criminals are sent to be punished

métis

people of mixed Native American and French Canadian descent

Maori

the indigenous people of New Zealand that were being converted to Christianity

Amritsar massacre

A turning point for many Indians. Convinced them that India needed to govern itself

General Reginald Dyer

banned public meetings in India following Indian riots and attacks

Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi

a middle-class Hindu who went to England to study law. Advocated against discrimination against Indians in South Africa.

ahimsa

nonviolence and reverence for all life. power of love

Henry Thoreau

civil disobedience ideal; gandhi influenced by himci

civil disobedience

the refusal to obey unjust laws

untouchables

members of the lowest caste in India

boycott

the refusal to buy goods/partake in something

Gandhi's salt march

Gandhi and a bunch of Indians followed Gandhi in a trek to the ocean. He collected a piece of sea salt. Protested the British monopoly on salt and other goods. Encouraged Indians to sell salt anyway, ignoring British rules

Indian participation in WW2

Britain asked India to be part of WW2 and despite angry nationalists being jailed over noncooperation, many indians did help