AP HUG Unit 1

the frequency with which something occurs in a space → involves the numbers of a feature and the land area.

systems that provide people with what they want and need without impacting the future generations ability to get what they want and need.

the arrangement of a feature in space.

process of collecting information about the Earths surface from satellites orbiting the Earth-- data used in GIS.

extent of a feature spread over space.

Analyzing where things are located and why they are located there.

the environment has an impact on society but people have the ability to adjust the physical environment and set their own path in life.

________: the movement of people, ideas, goods, services → certain places may be located to increase /decrease ________.

________: name given to a place on Earth.

________: position that something occupies.

________: Idea that the environment is the driver of societal development.

________: geographer gives firsthand accounts (accurate and detailed but sometimes not possible to gather data)

________: qualitative (time, money, cardinal directions)

________: use photos to understand type of culture, demographics, population density, and whats happening in a place.

________: Observations, interviews, and individual thoughts → up for discussion, will often change, hard to replicate.

shows contour lines of elevation to show physical things on Earths surface (printed in 3D)

information is connected through points of equal or very similar values (uses lines or color coding)

points show precise locations of data → more precise than choropleth

shows percentage of amount of something and (imprecise) location using different sizes of the same symbol →

data is shown dynamically → the greater the value for country, the larger the area it is represented with on the map

shows movement of goods, people, or ideas (must look at colors, items transported, and size) larger/thicker arrows to show higher volume of trade

focus on a specific theme → chloroplast, flow line, cartogram, graduated symbol

to better understand what happens on earths surface → geographic area

quantitative (km, miles)

qualitative (time, money, cardinal directions)

pieces of the map are removed to try & remove distortion → not good for navigation or direction

no removed pieces or "break points" but maps have more distortion

computer system that layers maps by collecting, analyzing, and then displaying data

helps farmers know which parts of their field need what, gps

geographer gives firsthand accounts (accurate and detailed but sometimes not possible to gather data)

studying wildlife, vegetation, or geography to see how a place has been impacted by people

use photos to understand type of culture, demographics, population density, and whats happening in a place

• media reports, travel narratives, government documents, personal interviews

Observations, interviews, and individual thoughts → up for discussion, will often change, hard to replicate

Information counted/measured → usually in number form, not up for debat

Look for employment opportunities, local schools, crime rates, public services, cost of living, etc

while all things on Earth are related to all other things, the closer things are to one another, the more they are related

Effect of distance on interactions → the farther away one thing is from the other, the less interaction the two will have

physical distance between two places on Earth's surface

the arrangement of a feature in space

the frequency with which something occurs in a space → involves the numbers of a feature and the land area

extent of a feature spread over space

closely spaced together

relatively far apart

specific point on Earth distinguished by particular characteristics

position that something occupies

name given to a place on Earth

individual's perception of a place

**Analyzing where things are located and why they are located there

the movement of people, ideas, goods, services → certain places may be located to increase/decrease flow

**GPS coordinates of the position of something on a map

**position of a place in relation to other places or features (n, s, e, w) or (in between rivers or by an ocean, etc.)

systems that provide people with what they want and need without impacting the future generations ability to get what they want and need

the ratio of a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground

Advantages: Shows true direction, Good for navigation purposes

Limitations: Massively distorts area, Size is distorted increasingly near the poles (greenland = africa in size) → creates bias against less-developed world

Advantages: Shows true direction, Area is relatively precise Limitations: Distorts shape, Continents appear elongated

Advantages: Globe-like appearance that looks ‘real’, Distorts size and shape, but not too much Limitations: Imprecise measurements, Extreme distortion at the poles: flat at poles and compressed at equator

Advantages: Preserves direction, When used from the point of the North Pole. no country is seen as the center Limitations: Distorts shape and area, Only shows one half of area

Advantages: Minimizes distortion in size and keeps land masses uninterrupted Limitations: Doesn’t present info easily to the reader, Can’t be used for navigation in ocean

Advantages: Good at keeping size and shape and not interrupting land masses Limitations: Hard to interpret -- doesn’t use cardinal directions

Advantages: Shows minimum distortion in reference to land, distance, and direction Limitations: Very distorted at poles, Lines of longitude and latitude are curved

Geographic area with common characteristics and patterns → can be global, regional, or national

geographic area with common attributes, traditionally defined by economic, social, political, or environmental characteristics. Examples: European Union (formal political region), Rocky Mountains (physical formal),

Geographic area organized around a node, or center point → often around economic activity, travel, or communication Examples: power plant (can only serve so many people), metro systems, airports, local pizza place delivery zones

geographic area that has no perfect definition → only exists because of people’s feelings, beliefs, or attitudes of the region. Differ from person to person because these exist in our minds Examples: different ideas of what makes up the middle east,

opposite of distance decay. the set of processes that cause the relative distances between places (i.e., as measured in terms of travel time or cost) to contract, effectively making such places grow “closer" because of technological advancements.

use data to dictate land zones, where to build schools, etc.

voting districts, which projects get state funding, allocate funding for infrastructure

which laws should be passed, determine where federal funding should go, how to change tax policies

See where to build store-front, look at where people are living, medium income

See which locations are outperforming others

Countries tax rates, employment/labor laws, etc.

Look for employment opportunities, local schools, crime rates, public services, cost of living, etc.

uses colors to represent spatial data (referring to certain theme)