Sensation and Perception

Very specific definition of moving parts in an experiment

Occurs when one group is selected systematically for more than another (unequal; could concern participant-relevant confounding variables)

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

(BUILD UP) analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.

(KNOCK DOWN) information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

failing to notice changes in the environment.

conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret.

the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them.

lowest level of stimulus that can be detected by a person's senses. It is the minimum intensity or amount of a stimulus required for it to be consciously perceived 50% of the time

a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes that there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness.

below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.

the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.

the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference.

the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount).

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.