1.2-1.4: The variety of living organisms

• animals

• plants

• fungi

• protoctists

• prokaryotes

multicellular or unicellular organisms made up of cells that contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane

animals, plants, fungi and protoctists

unicellular organisms that do not contain a nucleus, smaller than eukaryotes

• multicellular

• membrane-bound organelles

• heterotrophic

• store carbohydrates as glycogen

• mammals

• insects

• multicellular

• membrane-bound organelles

• cell walls made out of cellulose

• cells contain chloroplasts

• feed by photosynthesis

• store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose

• flowering plants

• maize

• herbaceous legume

contains genetic material and control centre of the cell

A jellylike fluid inside the cell, site of chemical reactions, support for organelles

controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

site of protein synthesis

powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of (energy) production

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell

contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area and contains cell sap

• usually multicellular but some are unicellular

• made up of thread-like structures known as hyphae that contain many nuclei

• membrane-bound organelles

• cell walls made of chitin

• saprotrophic nutrition

• some are parasitic

• some store carbohydrates as glycogen

• moulds

• mushrooms

• yeasts

• mucor

• microscopic

• uni-cellular

• membrane-bound organelles

• some have cells walls and chloroplasts

• some protoctists photosynthesise and some feed on organic - substances made by other living things

amoeba, paramecium, plasmodium, chlorella

• microscopic

• uni-cellular

• have a cell wall (not made of cellulose), cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids

• lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA

• some can carry out photosynthesis but most feed off other organisms

• Lactobacillus

• Pneumococcus

rod-shaped bacterium usedd in the production of yoghurt from milk

spherical bacterium acting as a pathogen causing pneumonia

an organism that causes disease

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Protoctists

• Viruses

non-living particles

they take over a host cell

• small particles

• parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells

• infect every type of living organism

• no cellular structure

• have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA

tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) HIV influenza

a widespread plant pathogen that causes discolouring on leaves by preventing chloroplast formation

a virus that can lead to AIDS

infects humans to cause the flu