Unit 8 - Cold War and Decolonization

final meeting among leaders of the big three - july 1945 in germany

informal alliance between the government and large defense contractors

- results in too much power

idea that each country should choose its own form of government and leaders

US, great britain, soviet union, and china - established in 1956. made to promote peace and prosperity

captitalism: privately owned

communism: government owned

bulgaria, east germany, hungary, poland, and romania - all share economic system with USSR

policy to not let communism spread further

june 1947 - designed to offer $12B of aid to all nations of europe to modernize industry and rebuild

nations that wanted out of the US v. USSR cold war and did not want economic/political/social order dominated by two superpowers

wall dividing west and east berlin

north atlantic treaty organization: made of western nations

soviet response to NATO

southeast asia treaty organization - australia, france, great britain, new zealand, pakistan, philippines, thailand, and US

ghana’s first president

in which there is only one political party

proxy wars: north (communist) v. south (democratic) korea. resulted in stalemate

proxy wars: communist north v. capitalist south vietnam. resulted in communist victory

proxy wars: soviet invasion of afghanistan to prop up that country’s communist government against muslim fighters. weakened the USSR

idea that if one country became communist, others surrounding it would soon follow

founded to advocate for a separate nation for indian muslims

treaty to ban testing of nuclear missiles - 1963

1958 policy in china that consisted of lad reforms. resulted in +20M chinese deaths and ended in 1960

large agricultural communities in china + land held by the state

silenced critics of mao and opposers of communism. reinforced commitment to communism

iran - shah instituted progressive reforms — no bloodshed

1979 - toppled the shah, created a theocracy

venezuela - redistribution of 5M acres of land

guatemala - democratic election, eventual land reform efforts

vietnam - communist takeover carried out policies

1954 - algerians were driven by nationalism, campaigned for independence

communist leader of vietnam

south vietnamese who supported communists

overthrew the king, established republic of egypt

egyptian conflict with US, USSR, britain, and france over suez canal

nigeria 1967 - westernized tribe tried to secede from the north-dominated government

canada 1960s - political and social change in quebec

establish land for jews

state established in palestine, colonization of palestine

six day war, yom-kippur war, israel vs. everyone else

faction that controlled gaza

1947 - britain divided hindu india and muslim pakistan

- chaotic and violent partition

- kashmir conflict

sri lanka - world’s first female prime minister bandaranaike

india - indira gandhi

pakistan - benazir bhutto

first president of tanzania. instituted african socialist political and economic ideas

peace agreement between prime minister menachem begin (israel) and president anwar sadat of egypt

communist guerilla organization. overthrew right winf government of cambodia

roman catholics v. protestant conflicts

francisco Franco ruled in spain

soviet union + its allies would intervene if an action by one member threatened other socialist countries

relaxation of strained relations

strategic arms limition treaty

increase tensions between US and USSR

slow end to soviet union