WH Unit 13: Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution

Montesquieu

Rousseau

The consent of the governed

Enlightenment

John Locke

The government does what is best for the most people; people surrender some of their rights so that the government can maintain order and protect the citizens; supported by Rousseau

Protect the RIGHTS of the people

Overthrow the government

Absolute Monarchy

civil liberties, including freedom of speech and religion

The 18th Century philosophical movement stressing the importance of reason and applying reason to social institutions, including government, to justify change

Distributing the legislative, executive and judicial powers to several bodies rather than allowing the concentration of these powers into one body or person; prevents abuse of power; supported by Montesquieu

The idea that government was created as an agreement (contract) between social groups as a way of structuring themselves in a way that was good for the people and the government; supported by many philosophers, but was a book written by Roussea

Rights that everyone is born with, including life, liberty and property; idea supported by John Locke

Like popular sovereignty, the governed exists with the agreement of the governed; Citizens agree to participate in the form of government and government receives its power from the people

Individual rights, such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion; supported by Voltaire

The American and French Revolutions

. Combined new ideas of the Renaissance (rebirth of interest in learning from 1300 to 1500) and the Scientific Revolution (period from 1550 to 1700 during which a number of important advances in science were made; applied reason to establish cause and effect)

a system that allows each branch of government to amend (change) or veto (forbid) acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch or person from having too much control or power (Montesquieu)

Believed something only if it could be tested or proven; ran experiments to test accepted knowledge; conducted systematic experimentation to reveal the laws of nature

A Polish astronomer who proved that the Ptolemaic system was inaccurate, he proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system. Developed Heliocentric Theory.

Based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion

The father of scientific method. Made key advances in astronomy such as planetary surfaces.

British scientist that developed the laws of motion and gravity.

Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophes, and others exchanged ideas during Enlightenment

• An encyclopedia of general knowledge used to spread the Philosophe's ideas on government, economics, religion, philosophy, and many others; included works from many contributors.

• Spread enlightenment ideas throughout Europe.

grand, ornate style of art

A simple and elegant style of art that borrowed themes from ancient Greece and Rome.

imaginary story written in ordinary language, without rhyme or meter