Small animal head and neck

the middle ear

ear canal

1. occipital

2. temporal

3. zygomatic

4. maxilla

5. parietal

it protects the eye

up 3142

down 3143

p4 and M1

3-5 months

4-6 months

4-5 months

5-7 months

up 3131

down 3121

3.5-5.5 months

5.5-6.5 months

4-5 months

5-6 months

mandibular fossa of temporal bone

• temporomandibular joint hinge joint

if your teeth don’t articulate

1. TMJ

2. tympani joint

1. alar fold

2. nostril

3. philtrum- center of the nose

• nasal cavity

• oral cavity

• airway

nasal turbance

• humidify air

• catches dirt

pass the tube ventral middle= ventral meatus

1. thyroid cartilage

2. cricoid cartilage

3. arytenoid cartilage

1. corniculate

2. cuneiform

laryngeal paralysis

• airway doesnt open

• give dopram to stimulate deep breathing

• they go into respiratory failure and die

• idiopathic neuropathy

  • no certain reason for this

  • something is happening to the nerves

• recurrent laryngeal nerve is very long goes from chest to the neck

  • innervates almost all of the muscles of the larynx

• cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

  • most important bc it opens larynx

• potentially part of a more generalized degenerative poly neuropathy

• may be weak on their hindlimbs at the same time

• mimic what cricoarytenoideus dorsalis does

• you tie aryntenoid cartilage to cricoid or thyroid so that it permanently stays open one side

  • mostly thyroid

aspiration ammonia bc airway doesnt close

brachycephalic upper airway syndrome

• stenotic nares

  • smaller weak openings

  • air difficult to get in

• enlongated soft palate

  • bigger and pushed into the airway

• hypoplastic trachea

• everted laryngeal saccules

  • vocal chords get inflammed

cut part of alar fold to let airway in

rhinoplasty

cutting the soft palate to be shorter

• chronic increased respiratory effort can evert the soft tissue between the vocal folds

• can obstruct the airways

• you just cut them out

4

• 2 external parathyroid glands

• 2 internal parathyroid glands

produce parathyroid hormone

increases ca levels

you will have hypercalcuim

when u palpate a cats neck while its extended

• place thumb and index finger on each side of the trachea and swept downwards from the larynx to the sternum

• palpation of a freely moveable, subcutaneous nodule or a “blip” that slips under the fingertips determines the presence of an enlarged thyroid gland

• you shouldnt be able to feel anything

• should be done routinely

nuclear scintigraphy

thyroid adenoma

easier to treat than what a dog would have

thyroid carcinoma

maglinent tumor

vagosympathetic trunk and common carotid artery

mandibular

-sialocele

1. parotid

2. mandibular

3. sublingual

4. zygomatic

saliva goes anywhere under the tongue

saliva goes anywhere in the neck

it will leak saliva under the ear

at the sublingual papilla

mandibular and sublingual

ranula

sublingual tear

nasopharyngeal polyps

• benign inflammatory in nature

• grow out of the middle ear

• young cats

nose

put a cannula in there

when the 3rd eyelid is prolapsed

• doesnt cause any problems

• cosmetic to fix

you would test for smell but its very subjective

you would throw a cotton ball or something that doesnt make noise and see if there is a response

test can be subjective

you would shine a light on its eye and pupil should constrict

eye would be deviated laterally if something was wrong and would lose function of its dorsal oblique muscle

• known as lazy eye

• to strength the muscle you could patch the good eye to strength the eye muscles

its pretty hard to do

• you want and eye blink but without putting air by the eye

• also there jaw wont be able to shut and be salivating everywhere

• eye will be deviated medially

sensory

poking their face

• would have facial paralysis and drooling

• balance would be off

• eyes would be moving back and fourth

• testing for hearing is hard