Year 9 Science Exam Notes

A systematic approach used in scientific research to investigate and understand phenomena.

The variable that is purposely manipulated or changed in an experiment, believed to have an impact on another variable.

The variable observed as the outcome in an experiment, the variable of interest.

The group that receives the special treatment or intervention in an experiment.

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a baseline for comparison.

How close measurements are to the true value.

If an experiment measures what it needs to measure in the right way.

The consistency, stability, and repeatability of measurements, observations, or tests over time.

The ethical and equitable treatment of all participants or subjects involved in research.

Consistent and repeatable errors that consistently push measurements away from the true value.

Unpredictable and inconsistent fluctuations caused by various unpredictable factors.

Living or once-living components of an ecosystem that can directly or indirectly affect other organisms.

Non-living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem that influence organisms and the environment.

The process in which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.

Organisms that can synthesize their own organic molecules.

Organisms that obtain energy and organic molecules by consuming other organisms.

Organisms that feed on dead organic matter and break it down into smaller parts.

Microorganisms that break down complex organic matter into simple substances.

The core component of the nervous system, located within the skull and vertebral column, responsible for processing and control.

All the nervous tissue outside the CNS, facilitating connection between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Neurons that transmit information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

Neurons that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and other effectors.

Responses made under conscious control, initiated and regulated by the somatic nervous system.

Responses not made under conscious control, regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Contains the nucleus and organelles necessary for cellular functions in a neuron.

Branched extensions that receive incoming signals in a neuron.

Long, slender extensions that transmit electrical signals away from the cell body to other neurons or target cells.

Junctions where the axon endings are near the dendrites of another neuron or target cell, sites of communication.

Chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes and maintain balance in the body.

Controls emotions, decision-making, behavior, and memories.

Controls senses, attention, and language.

Controls eyesight and processes visual information.

Controls speech, memory, language comprehension, and hearing.

Responsible for thinking, memory, and sensory perception.

Keeps the body in a stable state called homeostasis.

Regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Controls balance, posture, and coordination.