Gopo chapter 3

The division of power across the local, state, and national governments.

The supreme power of an independent state to regulate its internal affairs without foreign interference.

The power to enforce laws and provide for public safety.

Responsibilities for particular policy areas, such as transportation, that are shared by federal, state, and local governments.

A system in which the national, centralized government holds ultimate authority. It is the most common form of government in the world

A form of government in which states hold power over a limited national government.

Organizations that seek to coordinate policy across member nations.

Part of Article IV of the Constitution requiring that each state's laws be honored by the other states. For example, a legal marriage in one state must be recognized across state lines.

Part of Article IV of the Constitution requiring that states must treat nonstate residents within their borders as they would treat their own residents. This was meant to promote commerce and travel between states.

The idea that if the national government passes an unconstitutional law, the people of the states (through their state legislatures) can declare the law void. This idea provided the basis for southern secession and the Civil War.

The idea that states are entitled to a certain amount of self-government, free of federal government intervention. This became a central issue in the period leading up to the Civil War.

The form of federalism favored by Chief Justice Roger Taney in which national and state governments are seen as distinct entities providing separate services. This model limits the power of the national government.

A form of federalism in which national and state governments work together to provide services efficiently. This form emerged in the late 1930s, representing a profound shift toward less concrete boundaries of responsibility in national-state relations.

A more refined and realistic form of cooperative federalism in which policy makers within a particular policy area work together across the levels of government.

A form of federalism in which federal funds are allocated to the lower levels of government through transfer payments or grants.

Federal aid to state or local governments that is provided for a specific purpose, such as a mass-transit program within the transportation budget or a school lunch program within the education budget.

Federal aid provided to a state government to be spent within a certain policy area., but the state can decide how to spend the money within that area.

A type of grant used in the 1970s and 1980s in which the federal government provided state governments with funds to be spent at each state's discretion. These grants gave states more control over programs.

Federal laws that require the states to do certain things but do not provide state governments with funding to implement these policies.

A form of federalism in which the federal government pressures the states to change their policies by using regulations, mandates, and conditions (often involving threats to withdraw federal funding).

Impositions of national priorities on the states through national legislation that is based on the Constitution's supremacy clause.

A form of federalism in which states compete to attract businesses and jobs through the policies they adopt.

National laws that address discriminatory state laws. Authority for such legislation comes fro Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Based on the Eleventh Amendment, immunity that prevents state governments from being sued by private parties in federal court unless the state consents to the suit.