Chemical Equilibria

________: when a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, it returns to equilibrium by counteracting the disturbance.

________ are always omitted from the expressions for Q and K.

An increase in temperature will change K. It will increase ________ for an endothermic, and decrease ________ for an exothermic.

If a(n) ________ is disturbed by adding a reactant or product, the system will proceed in the direction that consumes part of the added species.

________ can be calculated at any point in a reaction.

________: one in which all of the reactants and products are present in the same phase.

________: contain reactants and products that are in two or more different phases.

The value of Qc depends on the ________ and reactants present at that particular moment.

________ (K): the value of Q when the reaction is at equilibrium.

For ________, catalysts increase the rates of the forward and ________.

For ________, the equilibrium constant may be expressed in terms of either the molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products.

If what is added or removed is a(n) ________ or liquid, the reaction does not shift at all.

If ________ is very small, the mixture contains mostly reactants at equilibrium.

the value of Q when the reaction is at equilibrium

• reaction must shift FORWARD

• reaction must shift BACKWARD

• reaction is at equilibrium, and will maintain constant concentration

one in which all of the reactants and products are present in the same phase

contain reactants and products that are in two or more different phases

when a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, it returns to equilibrium by counteracting the disturbance

A catalyst causes the system to reach equilibrium more quickly