Geology: Chapter 3- Atoms, Elements, and Minerals

______ bonds result from the attraction between positive and negative charged ions

______ bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons in the outermost shell between two atoms

_____ bonds, result in electrons readily moving about from one atom to another

_____ bonds result from the weak attraction between electrically neutral atoms or molecules

Which two types of chemical bonds are the most common when discussing minerals?

Sharing electrons via outer shell

Charged ions

Most atoms in ____ space have _____ or deficit of ______

ions are an element with a _____ charge

ions are created when ______ give or _____ electrons from each other

Which subatomic particles between adjacent atoms interact and can result in two or more atoms joining?

What is the process when electrons are being exchanged between atoms?

what do we call the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element>

What do we call a substance composed of atoms that all have the same protons?

How many elements are naturally occuring?

Minerals are _____ blocks for rocks

Minerals are important because they are a _________ occuring solid, ______, has a _______ structure and a unique set of physical properties

Color is ____ the most accurate way to determine properties of rocks

_____ is when you scratch a mineral for its color

luster is the intensity of ______ reflected

______ is based on scratch ability/ durability

cleavage is the ability of a mineral to _____

specific gravity determines the ____

special properties is the ______(kalomite) , feel (talc) , taste (______), ______ (magnetite), effervesce (calcite)

What are the physical properties of minerals?

What are the types of structures for the common silicate minerals? (4)

Which of the following mineral is an example of sheet silicate?

Framework, chain, biotite, or isolated

Which of the following mineral is an example of chain silicate?

Framework, biotite, olivine, hornblende

Which of the following mineral is an example of isolated silicate?

Olivine, quartz, chain, hornblende

Which of the following mineral is an example of framework silicate?

olivine, mica, quartz, hornblende

What are silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons?

What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

Why are oxygen and silicon so important?

silicates are minerals with _____ and ______

___% are made up of oxygen and silicon

Describe the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline structure.

What determines the arrangement of atoms?

What determines the physical properties of minerals?

examples for chemical composition are ____, ____, ____, and ____

organic, naturally occuring, crystalline structure, definite chemical composition, and characteristic physical properties

Criteria geologists use to define a mineral are: organic, ______ occuring, crystalline _______, definite _______ composition, and characteristic _______ properties