Bio Psych Exam 4

Core symptoms of schizophrenia

Nature vs nurture regarding schizophrenia

Role of paternal age in schizophrenia

Differences in brain structures in people with schizophrenia

Surgeries that detach the frontal lobe from the rest of the brain to treat schizophrenia

Theory for the development of schizophrenia that suggests that schizophrenia may be caused by under-activation of the frontal lobes

Theory for the development of schizophrenia that states that schizophrenia results from excess synaptic dopamine or dopamine receptors

Theory for the development of schizophrenia that suggests that schizophrenia is caused by under-activation of glutamate receptors

Disorder characterized by periods of depression alternating with expansive mood or mania

A milder form of bipolar disorder where patients cycle between dysthymia and hypomania

Mood-stabilizing drug used to treat bipolar disorder; interacts with the circadian clock

Most prevalent mood disorder

Symptoms of depression

PET scans show these blood flow patterns in people with depression

Treatments for depression

Disorder where unpleasant memories repeatedly plague the victim

Symptoms of PTSD

Learning in which fear is associated with a previously neutral stimulus; involves the amygdala

Disorder marked by recurring repetitive acts that are carried out without rhyme, reason, or the ability to stop

Symptoms of OCD

H.M. (Henry Molaison)

N.A.

K.C.

The loss of memories formed before onset of amnesia and is not uncommon after brain trauma

The inability to form new memories after onset of a disorder

Retrieval that involves the hippocampus

Retrieval that involves the perirhinal cortex

Memory deficiency caused by a lack of thiamine; patients often confabulate

Filling in a gap in memory with a falsification that the person accepts as true

Holds brief memories in sensory buffers that only last a few seconds

Holds memory for up to 30 seconds or throughout rehearsal

Holds memory for days to years

Memory that deals with facts and information acquired through learning that can be stated or described

Type of declarative memory that involves detailed autobiographical memory

Type of declarative memory that involves generalized memory

Procedural memory that deals with shown performance rather than conscious recollection

Type of nondeclarative memory that involves learning to perform a task requiring motor coordination

Type of nondeclarative memory that involves a change in stimulus processing due to prior exposure to the stimulus

Type of nondeclarative memory that involves the association of two stimuli or of a stimulus and a response

The better recall for items at the beginning of a list

The better recall for items at the end of a list

Process where sensory information is passed into short-term memory

Process where short-term memory information is transferred into long-term storage

Process where stored information is used

Treatment for PTSD

Synaptic changes as a result of learning

Lab animals housed in enriched conditions developed...

Used to study plastic synaptic changes in neural circuits

Advantages of working with Aplysia

A decreased response to repeated presentations of a stimulus

A stable and enduring increase in the effectiveness of synapses

Correlational observations that are evidence that LTP may be one part of memory formation

Somatic intervention experiments that are evidence that LTP may be one part of memory formation

Behavioral intervention experiments that are evidence that LTP may be one part of memory formation

Glutamate receptors that improve LTP in the hippocampus

Means that the cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different functions

People who have hemispheres that are disconnected due to surgical severing of the corpus callosum to alleviate seizures

The idea that right-handed people identify verbal stimuli delivered to the right ear more accurately than verbal stimuli delivered to the left; only evident in simultaneous presentations and is restricted to consonants

Test that measures visual perception of linguistic stimuli

Results of the tachistoscope test

Test that determines involvement of hemispheres in language by anesthetizing each hemisphere separately using sodium amytal

Face blindness; people fail to recognize familiar faces, including their own; can be caused by bilateral damage to the fusiform gyrus

Face blindness that results from brain damage

Lifelong face blindness not due to brain damage

An impairment in language ability caused by brain injury, usually to the left hemisphere

Impairment in language ability that involves insertion of incorrect sounds or words

Impairment in language ability that is characterized by difficulty producing speech but good comprehension; result of damage to Broca's Area (speech production)

Impairment in language ability that involves complex verbal output with many paraphasias that make speech unintelligible

Impairment in language ability that involves the total or near-total loss of the ability to understand and produce language; results from large left-hemisphere lesions

Impairment in the ability to correctly repeat words that are heard

Attributes language deficits to disconnections between regions of the brain's language network

Time when an organism can be permanently altered by a particular experience or treatment

Reading disorder attributed to brain impairment

Reading disorder that can occur in adults after injury to the left hemisphere

An acquired dyslexia in which a person reads a word as another semantically related word

Acquired dyslexia in which the person attends only to the fine details of reading (which letter makes which sound)

Surgery that removes the malfunctioning brain tissue and saves the life of the child but also produces complete paralysis of one side, speech loss, and visual impairments