#6-20 Module 2 - the cellular basis of life

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

The study of cell

the genetic material of cells that holds all the information that cell needs

specific segment of DNA which tells how to perform different tasks

Gel-like substance that fills a cell and gives its shape. It allow for different materials to move around the cell

membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of all cells. It separates the cell from the external environment and keeps the organelles together

single-celled organisms that consist of one cell only which can perform vital functions with themselves. They can reproduce through asexual reproduction

new organism develops from an due to cell division (Virus na nag didivide through cell division)(nasa unicellular)

division of single entity into 2 or more parts and regeneration of parts to separate entities resembling the original (parang mga virus na nag didivide nang mabilisan)(nasa unicellular)

consist of more than one cells to perform vital functions example: Plants, Animals, Humans, Some fungi, and algae

is also called body cell. These are diploid cells which maintains life processes of the organism. Example: Cells found in internal organs – heart, kidneys, brain, liver, lungs, etc. Skin Bones and Muscles Blood Connective Tissue (cells an nabuo ng mga organs)

contains 2 copy of each chromosomes (asa somatic cells)

contain single set of chromosomes (asa gamete cells)

also called as reproductive or sex cells. These haploid cells which function is for the production of offspring.

is a semi permeable membrane that forms the outer covering of the cell. It is made up of phospholipids which has polar heads and non

gel-like substance composition where all the organelles are suspended inside the cell. It maintains pressure of the cell which ensure the cell doesnt shrink or burst

Contains the hereditary material DNA and directs the activities of the cell. It is surrounded by a porous membrane called nuclear membrane

is a round body found inside the nucleus which helps in the synthesis of ribosomes. It is not surrounded by a membrane but sits in the nucleus.

organized the microtubules assemble during cell division

is a network of membranes composed of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

it is responsible for storing, packaging of cellular products

are enzymes sacs that digest cellular waste. It serve as the digestive system of the cell and also help in detoxification of the cell

is a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells. Which contains reducing enzyme catalese and usually some oxidase

are hollow rods that support and shape the cell

the power house of the cell

are made of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins which serves for protein synthesis. It is suspended in the cytoplasm and also attached to the ER. The most abundant among the organelles.

it is the movement of molecules

Organisms need to move molecules from an area where they are highly concentrated to an area where the molecules are less concentrated.

Tendency of materials to move randomly from areas where they are highly concentrated to areas of lower concentration, until they are evenly distributed in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

Molecules and ions are transported with the aid of some intermediary – proteins. It binds with the molecules with a carrier protein in the plasma membrane to be transported from higher to lower concentration.

Water molecules diffusing across a membrane. It is the diffusion of water through a selective (semi) permeable membrane from greater concentration to lesser concentration.

Solutions have concentrations of substances (solutes) and water (solvent) on both sides of the membrane are equal.

Solutions have a lower concentration of substances, and more water, when associated to another solution.

Solution have a higher concentration of substances, and less water, when compared to another solution.

It is the movement of water and solute molecules across the cell membrane due to hydrostatic pressure. It is a passive transport used most often in the capillaries.