Progressive Movement
Middle
Social Darwinism
Belief in survival of the fittest, rejected by Progressives in favor of cooperation.
Direct Election of Senators
Enabled by the 17th Amendment, promoting democratization of the political process.
Commission/City Manager System
Professionalized local governments, making them non
Antitrust Legislation
Enforced by the FTC Act & Clayton Act to combat trusts and monopolies.
16th Amendment
Allowed Congress to levy income tax for the first time in U.S. history.
Muckrakers
Investigative reporters exposing corruption and urban problems, critiquing bosses & Robber Barons.
Upton Sinclair
Author of 'The Jungle', influencing the Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food and Drug Act.
Jacob Riis
Journalist/photographer focusing on immigrant conditions in NYC.
Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive President advocating conservation, labor reform, and trust
Square Deal
Roosevelt's policy for fair treatment of workers, farms, business, and people.
Woodrow Wilson
Reformer supporting tariff, trust, and Federal Reserve Act reforms.
Jane Addams
Established 'Hull House' to aid urban poor, focusing on literacy and housing conditions.
Women's Christian Temperance Union
Advocated prohibition led by Carry Nation to improve society morally.
Dorothea Dix
Advocate for prison and mental health reform during the Progressive Era.
Black Migration
Movement of African Americans from the South to the North/West due to discrimination and job opportunities.
Committee on Public Information
Used propaganda to garner support for WWI and suppress dissent.
Treaty of Versailles
Peace treaty ending WWI, included Wilson's 14 Points but lacked U.S. ratification due to League of Nations disputes.
Red Scare
Fear of communism post
Bolshevik Revolution
1917 overthrow of Czar Nicolas II in Russia led by Lenin to establish communism.
Comintern
Also known as Communist International, aimed to spread communist ideas globally.
Palmer Raids
Attacks on suspected radicals in the U.S. during 1919
Sacco and Venzetti
Italian immigrants wrongly convicted of murder during the Red Scare.
Model T
Henry Ford's affordable car, mass
Kellogg
Briand Pact
Washington Naval Conference
1921
Dawes Plan
1924 loan to Germany to pay reparations, leading to economic instability.
Lost Generation
1920s writers disillusioned with society, criticizing materialism and conformity.
Jazz
Music symbolizing rebellion and freedom, popular among the youth in the 1920s.
Ku Klux Klan
1920s group hostile to minorities, experienced a resurgence due to 'Birth of a Nation'.
Harlem Renaissance
1920s cultural movement celebrating African American creativity and pride.
Flappers
Symbolized women's liberation in the 1920s with unconventional behaviors.
Margaret Sanger
Advocate for birth control to empower women and control family size.
Great Depression Causes
Factors like stock market crash, overproduction, underconsumption, and farm decline.
Bonus Army
1932 veterans' march for promised bonuses, forcibly disbanded by Hoover.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Hoover's initiative to provide financial aid to businesses during the Depression.
New Deal
FDR's relief, recovery, and reform programs to combat the Great Depression.
Keynesian Economics
Economic theory supporting government intervention during economic downturns.
Civilian Conservation Corps
New Deal program providing jobs for unemployed young men in conservation projects.
National Recovery Administration
New Deal agency to regulate industry and stimulate economic recovery.
Agricultural Adjustment Act
1933 law to raise farm prices by reducing production and offering subsidies.
National system of crop controls
Offered subsidies to farmers for limiting crop production.
Recovery program
Encouraged farmers to reduce production for price boost.
National Industrial Recovery Act
Supervised fair trade codes and guaranteed labor rights.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Employed young men on federal land projects.
Social Security Act of 1935
Federal pension program for the elderly.
Wagner Act/NLRB
Guaranteed worker's right to unionize and bargain collectively.
New Deal impact
Reformed American capitalism and increased labor unions.